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- 3. Increase in scientific interest in cross-cultural psychology of the last decades is firmly rooted in societal
- 4. What is cross-cultural psychology? "Cross-cultural research in psychology is the explicit, systematic comparison of psychological variables
- 5. What is cross-cultural psychology? (cont’d) "Cross-cultural psychology is concerned with the systematic study of behaviour and
- 6. Cross-cultural psychology is the study: of similarities and differences in individual psychological functioning in various cultural
- 7. Fundamental questions of CCP 1. How deep are cross-cultural differences in psychological functioning? 2. What are
- 8. Basic features of cross-cultural psychology (CCP) Cross-cultural psychology includes such branches as: - cultural psychology -
- 9. Сultural psychology Cultural psychology seeks to discover meaningful links between a culture and the psychology of
- 10. INDIGENOUS PSYCHOLOGY Main idea - it is not possible to fully understand the psychology of the
- 12. 2. Relationships between culture and behaviour
- 13. The key question How to study relationships between culture and human behaviour? Some suggestions for conceptual
- 14. Culture and behavior: three perspectives Berry et.al 1992, 2002
- 15. Theoretical position of Universalism All fundamental psychological processes are present in all cultural populations. Hence, cross-cultural
- 16. Three distinctions and assumptions of universalism Basic psychological processes and capacities are present in all individuals
- 17. The universalist position bases on the widely-held distinctions (1) in psychology between process, competence and performance:
- 18. Example of Universalism: Language All human beings have the processes and capacities to develop language and
- 19. Methodological Issues The practical requirements of carrying out comparative psychological research (either cross-cultural or intercultural) are
- 20. Ecocultural Approach Groups and individuals develop their customary and individual behaviours as adaptations to the demands
- 21. Ecocultural Approach Understanding the relationships between cultural contexts and human behaviour requires that both contexts and
- 22. Ecocultural Framework
- 23. Ecocultural Framework To summarise, the ecocultural framework considers human diversity (both cultural and psychological) to be
- 24. Emics and Etics These terms derive from linguistics where phonemics and phonetics are distinguished Emics are
- 25. Models of Cross-Cultural Differences (classical)
- 26. More modern models More emphasis on non-dichotomous nature of emic—etic distinction More emphasis on empirical aspects
- 27. What is Emerging? New field with renewed interest Compared to the first generation, new studies are
- 31. What is culture? Culture is ‘the human-made part of the environment’ (Herskovitz, 1955) Culture is like
- 32. Cultural antropology suggests types of definitions (1/2) Descriptive –list any and all aspects of human life
- 33. Definitions of culture Culture, broadly conceived as all that individuals learn from others that endures to
- 34. Triandis (1994): Culture is a set of human-made objective and subjective elements that in the past
- 35. Is Culture a Uniquely Human Product? •Many animals are social; that is, they work and live
- 36. What is different? Human cultures are cumulative; knowledge, tools, technology, and know-how accumulate over time and
- 37. A theoretical framework for studying ecology, culture, and behavior Simple way to think of culture: Ecology
- 38. Ecology Features of ecological niche define which individual characteristics increase chances of the group to survive.
- 39. History
- 43. Socialization and Personality Cultures have different ways of raising children. Socialization differences can lead to personality
- 44. Culture relates to the health status of individuals World Health Organization 2011
- 46. Culture and Sex-Role Inequality Men have more status and power across cultures But these differences are
- 47. Culture and Morality Collectivist cultures Morality is a function of what is good for the group
- 48. Marsella, A. (2012). Psychology and globalization: Understanding a complex relationship Journal of Social Issues, 68(3), 454-472.
- 49. History of Globalization Initial ideas and thoughts about globalization emerged largely from the economic and business
- 50. Ambivalence Toward Globalization Globalization has brought some positive changes. It is, for some individuals and nations,
- 51. Definition of Globalization Globalization is both a process and product; they are reciprocally determined; the primary
- 52. ‘Hegemonic globalization’ Within the context of hegemonic globalization (being imposed or driven by a few nations),
- 53. Influence of Globalization on Identities and values New global community would require multiple loyalties (Sandel, 1996,
- 54. Globalization characterized by: (1) Ethics–Less violation of human rights; (2) Equity–Less disparity among nations; (3) Inclusion–Less
- 55. Jia, Wenshan (2017). Now, Globalization With Chinese Characteristics YaleGlobal Online.
- 56. China-initiated Globalization Chiglobalization is “the increasing global relevance, global presence, global influence, and global leadership of
- 57. Ameriglobalization and Chiglobalization China has surpassed the US in economics by 15 percent, science and technology
- 58. Path towards Global Leadership China is on the path towards global leadership with initiatives like “One
- 59. Perspectives of Chiglobalization In the meantime, China learned a lesson from the negative experience of rejecting
- 60. New insights and further development of the field
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