Содержание
- 2. Outline The Production Function Marginal and Average Products Isoquants Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution Returns to
- 3. Definitions Inputs or factors of production are productive resources that firms use to manufacture goods and
- 4. Definitions Production transforms a set of inputs into a set of outputs Technology determines the quantity
- 5. Definitions The production function tells us the maximum possible output that can be attained by the
- 6. Definitions A technically efficient firm is attaining the maximum possible output from its inputs (using whatever
- 7. Example: The Production Function and Technical Efficiency L Q • C
- 8. Example: The Production Function and Technical Efficiency L Q • • C D
- 9. Example: The Production Function and Technical Efficiency Q = f(L) L Q • • C D
- 10. Example: The Production Function and Technical Efficiency Q = f(L) L Q • • • •
- 11. Example: The Production Function and Technical Efficiency Q = f(L) L Q • • • •
- 12. Notes: The variables in the production function are flows (amount of input per unit of time),
- 13. Comparison between production function and utility function
- 14. Comparison between production function and utility function
- 15. Marginal Product Definition: The marginal product of an input is the change in output that results
- 16. Example: Suppose Q = K0.5L0.5 Then: MPL = ∂Q = 0.5 K0.5 ∂L L0.5 MPK =
- 17. Average Product Definition: The average product of an input is equal to the total output to
- 18. Example: Suppose Q = K0.5L0.5 Then: APL = Q = K0.5L0.5 = K0.5 L L L0.5
- 19. Law of Diminishing Marginal Returns Definition: The law of diminishing marginal returns states that the marginal
- 20. Q L Q= F(L,K0) Example: Total and Marginal Product
- 21. Q L MPL maximized Q= F(L,K0) Example: Total and Marginal Product Increasing marginal returns Diminishing marginal
- 22. Q L MPL = 0 when TP maximized Q= F(L,K0) Example: Total and Marginal Product Diminishing
- 23. Example: Total and Marginal Product L MPL Q L MPL maximized TPL maximized where MPL is
- 24. Marginal and Average Products There is a systematic relationship between average product and marginal product. This
- 25. Marginal and Average Products When marginal product is greater than average product, average product is increasing.
- 26. Example: Average and Marginal Products L APL MPL MPL maximized APL maximized
- 27. Example: Total, Average and Marginal Products L APL MPL Q L MPL maximized APL maximized
- 28. Isoquants Definition: An isoquant is a representation of all the combinations of inputs (labor and capital)
- 29. Example: Isoquants L K Q = 10 0 Slope=dK/dL L
- 30. L Q = 10 Q = 20 All combinations of (L,K) along the isoquant produce 20
- 31. Isoquants Example: Suppose Q = K0.5L0.5 For Q = 20 => 20 = K0.5L0.5 => 400
- 32. Definition: The marginal rate of technical substitution measures the rate at which the firm can substitute
- 33. Marginal Rate Of Technical Substitution Alternative Definition : It is the negative of the slope of
- 34. Marginal Product and the Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution We can express the MRTS as a
- 35. Marginal Product and the Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution Notes: If we have diminishing marginal returns,
- 36. Marginal Product and the Marginal Rate of Technical Substitution Notes: If both marginal products are positive,
- 37. Example: The Economic and the Uneconomic Regions of Production L K Q = 10 Q =
- 38. Example: The Economic and the Uneconomic Regions of Production L K Q = 10 Q =
- 39. Example: The Economic and the Uneconomic Regions of Production L K Q = 10 Q =
- 40. Example: The Economic and the Uneconomic Regions of Production L K Q = 10 Q =
- 41. Example: The Economic and the Uneconomic Regions of Production L K Q = 10 Q =
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