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![Tornadoes are natural disasters characterized by a dark, funnel-shaped cloud](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-1.jpg)
Tornadoes are natural disasters characterized by a dark, funnel-shaped cloud made
of rotating winds. The most violent tornadoes can reap massive amounts of destruction, with wind speeds that can reach 250 to 300 mph.
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![Tornadoes are ranked on a scale based on how much](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-2.jpg)
Tornadoes are ranked on a scale based on how much damage
they cause, such as overturned cars and destroyed buildings. By knowing this scale, you can better understand what kind of damage a certain tornado has caused.
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![Tornadoes Violent winds created by thunderstorms, tornadoes look like funnels](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-3.jpg)
Tornadoes
Violent winds created by thunderstorms, tornadoes look like funnels and
rotate around an area at high speeds.
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![Tornadoes can be so fast and strong that when they](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-4.jpg)
Tornadoes can be so fast and strong that when they appear
on the ground, they can damage anything in the way, including buildings and cars.
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![. Tornadoes can be extremely frightening for children, but possessing](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-5.jpg)
. Tornadoes can be extremely frightening for children, but possessing some
information about why tornadoes happen and how they can protect themselves may prove reassuring.
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![Formation Tornadoes are usually the result of thunderstorms, which happen](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-6.jpg)
Formation
Tornadoes are usually the result of thunderstorms, which happen when warm
air and cool air from different parts of the country meet in the atmosphere.
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![When the wind picks up speed and changes direction, this](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-7.jpg)
When the wind picks up speed and changes direction, this can
cause a spinning effect to occur in the atmosphere, which is invisible to onlookers but can be a few miles wide.
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![This effect starts off in a horizontal direction, but soon](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-8.jpg)
This effect starts off in a horizontal direction, but soon becomes
vertical thanks to rising air. Tornadoes are then created inside this area of rotation.
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![When and Where Tornadoes are more common at certain times](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-9.jpg)
When and Where
Tornadoes are more common at certain times of year;
for example, in the southern U.S., tornadoes are more likely to appear between March and May.
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![Speed and Damage The amount of damage a tornado can](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-10.jpg)
Speed and Damage
The amount of damage a tornado can cause depends
on how fast it's traveling. The speed of a tornado is measured on a scale, and given a number, from zero to five, to indicate its strength, with five being the strongest.
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![A F0 tornado travels at between 40 and 72 miles](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-11.jpg)
A F0 tornado travels at between 40 and 72 miles an
hour, and will generally cause only minor damage to roofs of houses, for example. A F5 tornado, on the other hand, can travel at as much as 318 miles an hour and can blow whole buildings away.
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![Preparation Individuals should listen to advice given by local authorities](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-12.jpg)
Preparation
Individuals should listen to advice given by local authorities about tornadoes.
If a tornado is sighted, a warning will be given and families should shelter in a place without windows until it's safe to come out again.
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![It's useful for individuals to know ahead of time where](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-13.jpg)
It's useful for individuals to know ahead of time where to
head to in the event of a tornado and to consider what they should take into the shelter with them; for instance, a family pet shouldn't be forgotten.
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![Most weak tornadoes last 10 minutes or less, traveling short](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/291807/slide-14.jpg)
Most weak tornadoes last 10 minutes or less, traveling short distances.
Violent tornadoes have been known to last for hours and a few have traveled more than 100 miles.