Слайд 2
![Why do research? Validate intuition Improve methods Demands of the Job For publication](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-1.jpg)
Why do research?
Validate intuition
Improve methods
Demands of the Job
For publication
Слайд 3
![Choose a subject Based on an idea Based on your experience Based on your reading Originality](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-2.jpg)
Choose a subject
Based on an idea
Based on your experience
Based on your
reading
Originality
Слайд 4
![Choose a study design Case report Case series Case controlled](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-3.jpg)
Choose a study design
Case report
Case series
Case controlled study
Cross sectional
Cohort
Retrospective comparison
Prospective Comparison
Слайд 5
![A Case report Description of one interesting and unusual case](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-4.jpg)
A Case report
Description of one interesting and unusual case
This is anecdotal
and may form the basis for further study
This may be the only way to report on something very rare
Слайд 6
![Case series Description of several cases in which no attempt](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-5.jpg)
Case series
Description of several cases in which no attempt is made
to answer specific hypotheses or compare results with another group of cases.
Слайд 7
![Cross sectional study A survey of the frequency of disease,](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-6.jpg)
Cross sectional study
A survey of the frequency of disease, risk factors
or other characteristics in a defined population at one particular point in time.
Слайд 8
![Cohort study An observational study of a group of people](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-7.jpg)
Cohort study
An observational study of a group of people with a
specific characteristic or disease who are followed over a period of time to detect change
Comparison with control group is allowed
Слайд 9
![Case control study An observational study where characteristics of people](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-8.jpg)
Case control study
An observational study where characteristics of people with a
disease (cases) are compared with selected people without the disease (controls)
Слайд 10
![Controlled Trials An experimental study in which an intervention is](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-9.jpg)
Controlled Trials
An experimental study in which an intervention is applied to
one group and the outcome compared with that in a similar group (controls) not receiving the intervention
Слайд 11
![](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-10.jpg)
Слайд 12
![Adequacy of design Best study is a randomised controlled double](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-11.jpg)
Adequacy of design
Best study is a randomised controlled double blind
Not possible
in all cases
May be unethical to treat or withhold treatment
Слайд 13
![Adequacy of study Study sample must be representative large enough](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-12.jpg)
Adequacy of study
Study sample
must be representative
large enough size to
ensure sufficient power
Quality control
Accurate measurements
Compliance of cases and controls
Слайд 14
![Define Your objectives Try to keep these simple The more](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-13.jpg)
Define Your objectives
Try to keep these simple
The more variables the more
difficult
However use the opportunity
Get help at this stage
Senior colleagues
Experienced researchers
Слайд 15
![Literature search Check to see if your idea is original](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-14.jpg)
Literature search
Check to see if your idea is original
Look for a
new slant to present
Try to get the full article
Read all the references
Most of these will be vital when writing up
Слайд 16
![The protocol Write out introduction and methodology in detail Give](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-15.jpg)
The protocol
Write out introduction and methodology in detail
Give it to people
to read to check for major flaws
Get help at this stage
Слайд 17
![Basics of the protocol This where you start writing the](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-16.jpg)
Basics of the protocol
This where you start writing the paper
Write intro,
methods in detail
Ethical considerations
Analytical methods in detail
Budget
Слайд 18
![The study Assignment of roles Projected time to completion Get](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-17.jpg)
The study
Assignment of roles
Projected time to completion
Get all equipment before start
Get
ethical approval
Get funding
Слайд 19
![The study Responsibility Data collection Accurate testing and measurements Stick to the protocol Sample size](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-18.jpg)
The study
Responsibility
Data collection
Accurate testing and measurements
Stick to the protocol
Sample size
Слайд 20
![Writing the paper Two reasons your papers are rejected Content](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-19.jpg)
Writing the paper
Two reasons your papers are rejected
Content
Format
Get a copy of
the Journal you wish to publish in similar article or detailed instructions
Слайд 21
![Writing up Your paper is reviewed by experts Get help](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-20.jpg)
Writing up
Your paper is reviewed by experts
Get help before sending
it away
Reading a protocol or a paper or offering advice does not entitle one to become an author on a paper
Слайд 22
![Authorship Should be directly involved at the Idea stage Protocol](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-21.jpg)
Authorship
Should be directly involved at the
Idea stage
Protocol development
Actual performance of
the study
Interpretation of results
Writing up
Слайд 23
![Term delivery after intrauterine relocation of an ectopic pregnancy Pearce,](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/441186/slide-22.jpg)
Term delivery after intrauterine relocation of an ectopic pregnancy
Pearce, Mayonde and
Chamberlain. British Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1984 101:746