Active sentences and passive sentences презентация

10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
The chair is being made by the carpenter.

10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
(a) ACTIVE: The carpenter sanded the wood.
(b) PASSIVE: The wood was sanded by the
carpenter.
same
meaning

by + O
10-1 ACTIVE SENTENCES AND PASSIVE SENTENCES
(c) Carol sold the house.
(d) The house was sold by Carol.
S
O
ACTIVE:
PASSIVE:
S
object of active subject of passive
subject of active object of by

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
Cars are driven by people.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
BE + PAST
PARTICIPLE
(a) Cars are driven by people.
(b) The award was given by the boss.
(c) The book will be published by Pearson.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
SIMPLE PRESENT
People drive cars.
Cars are driven by people.
SIMPLE PAST
The new job thrilled Tim.
Tim was thrilled by the new job.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
PRESENT PROGRESSIVE
The boys are eating the cookies.
The cookies are being eaten by the boys.
PAST PROGRESSIVE
Jamal was washing the dishes.
The dishes were being washed by Jamal.

10-2 FORM OF THE PASSIVE
PRESENT PERFECT
Al has printed the photo.
The photo has been printed by Al.
FUTURE
Talya will make the announcement.
The announcement will be made by Talya.

The nuts were gathered by the squirrel.
10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
The squirrel gathered the nuts.

The wall was painted by
Matthew.
10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Matthew painted the wall.

The election results will be determined by the voters.
10-1, 10-2 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
The voters will determine
the election results.

10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
Erica sneezed.

10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(a -c) TRANSITIVE
(d-f) INTRANSITIVE
Janet earned the promotion.
They saw the accident.
S
V
O
A problem occurred.
They arrived late.
S
V
TRANSITIVE
verb + object
INTRANSITIVE
verb + object

10-3 TRANSITIVE AND INTRANSITIVE VERBS
(i) ACTIVE: Birds fly.
(j) PASSIVE: (Not possible)
(g) ACTIVE: Janet earned the promotion.
(h) PASSIVE: The promotion was earned by Janet.
(k) INCORRECT: Birds are fly.
TRANSITIVE VERBS
INTRANSITIVE VERBS

10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive
It rained yesterday.
?

10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive
Eva won a medal.
PASSIVE: _______________________
A medal was won by Eva.
?

10-3 LET’S PRACTICE
transitive
intransitive
Tim Berners-Lee invented the
World Wide Web.
PASSIVE: _______________________
The World Wide Web was
invented by Tim Berners-Lee.
_______________________
?

10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
This painting was done by my mother.

10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(a) This desk was made by Manuel.
by phrase important information

10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
(b) This desk was made in Taiwan.
(c) Corn is eaten in many places.
(d) That apartment was built in 2007.
(e) Spanish is spoken in many countries.
usually NO by-phrase

focus my mother
10-4 USING THE BY- PHRASE
ACTIVE
(f) My mother is a great artist.
She painted many beautiful portraits.
PASSIVE
(g) This painting was done by my mother.
That one was done by her friend.
by-phrase focus on subjects

10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Shakespeare wrote Hamlet.
Hamlet was written by Shakespeare.

10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Many students use computers.
Computers are used by many students.

10-4 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Tina taught me how to knit.
I was taught to knit by Tina.

10-5 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
Lin will e-mail you.

10-5 PASSIVE MODAL AUXILIARIES
Lin will send it. It will be sent by Lin.
Lin can send it. It can be sent by Lin.
Lin must send it. It must be sent by Lin.
Lin may send it. It may be sent by Lin.
ACTIVE MODAL
AUXILIARIES
PASSIVE MODAL
AUXILIARIES
FORM: modal + be + past participle

10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
ACTIVE MODALS
PASSIVE MODALS
Someone must mow the grass today.
This grass __________________.
must be mowed today

10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
You should not feed candy to babies.
Babies _____________________.
should not be fed candy
ACTIVE MODALS
PASSIVE MODALS

Hurricanes cannot be controlled.
10-5 LET’S PRACTICE
__________________________
People cannot control hurricanes.
ACTIVE MODALS
PASSIVE MODALS

10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE)
Lily is pleased with her life.

10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE)
(a) Lily is brave.
(b) Lily is short.
(c) Lily is healthy.
BE + ADJECTIVE
BE + PAST PARTICIPLE
(d) Lily is divorced.
(e) Lily is excited.
(f) Lily is pleased.
like an adjective

10-6 USING PAST PARTICIPLES AS ADJECTIVES
(NON-PROGRESSIVE PASSIVE)
(g) Lily is divorced from Jack.
(h) Lily was happy with her career.
(i) Lily will be excited for the trip.
past particular
participle + prepositions + object

10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
married
Jenny is __________ Grant.
married to

10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
Alma is __________ her new laptop.
happy with
happy

10-6 LET’S PRACTICE
Abe is 17.
He seems ____________ his age.
young for young

10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Emma makes pottery.
I am interested in making pottery.

10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
(a) I am interested in pottery.
INCORRECT: I am interesting in pottery.
(b) Pottery is interesting.
INCORRECT: Pottery is interested.
past participle feelings
present participle cause of feeling

10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
Ben was thrilled with the promotion.
(c) Ben was thrilled.
(d) The promotion was thrilling.
past participle passive meaning
present participle cause of feeling

10-7 PARTICIPIAL ADJECTIVES: -ED VS. -ING
(e) I heard some disappointing news.
(f) Jill read the shortened version of
the book.
participial
adjectives nouns

10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
surprised
surprising
Gail Gwen
Gwen’s news must be __________.
Gail looks very __________.
surprised
surprising

Most people are truly ________ when they first see it.
10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
amazed
amazing
The Great Wall is ________.
amazed
amazing

10-7 LET’S PRACTICE
terrified
terrifying
Some bugs are scary.
This spider is ________!
I wonder if it is ________ of anything?
terrifying
terrified

10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
People often get thirsty
when they exercise.

10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
(a) I am getting thirsty.
(b) Fahad got angry at him.
GET + ADJECTIVE
GET ADJECTIVE
change, beginning to be

10-8 GET + ADJECTIVE; GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
(c) I’m getting worried.
(d) My friend and his wife got divorced.
GET + PAST PARTICIPLE
GET PAST PARTICIPLE
like an adjective, describes subject

10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
He ___________ while he was working.
get + sleep
got sleepy

10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
He _________________ with his work.
get + frustrated
is getting frustrated

10-8 LET’S PRACTICE
It ________ early this year.
get + cold
got cold

10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
We are used to driving in traffic.

(a) We are used to this city.
(b) We are accustomed to this city.
10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
same meaning

10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND
GET USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
(c) We are used to living in this city.
(d) We are accustomed to living in this city.
to + -ing form
(gerund)

(e) I just moved to Athens, Greece. I have never lived in this city before, but I am getting used to (accustomed to) it.
10-9 USING BE USED/ACCUSTOMED TO AND GET
USED/ACCUSTOMED TO
beginning to feel normal

10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
be used to
(affirmative or negative)
I always go to the beach.
I __________ the sand and sea.
am used to

10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
I’m confused. I _____________ this new computer.
am not used to
be used to
(affirmative or negative)

10-9 LET’S PRACTICE
Maybe I’ll call Eva. She _____________
this type of computer.
is used to
be used to
(affirmative or negative)

10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
He used to eat meat, but
now he is a vegetarian.

10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
(a) He used to eat meat, but now he is
a vegetarian.
INCORRECT: He used to be eating meat.
INCORRECT: He is used to eat meat.
habitual past
used to + simple form of verb

10-10 USED TO vs. BE USED TO
(b) He is used to eating meat.
be used to + -ing form of verb (gerund)

10-10 LET’S PRACTICE
be
Ø
When I was young, I often went skiing.
I ____ used to skiing back then.
was

10-10 LET’S PRACTICE
I _____ used to like skiing, but
now I prefer snowboarding.
Ø
be
Ø

10-10 LET’S PRACTICE
Now, I ____ used to snowboarding.
am
be
Ø

10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
You were supposed to clean out the garage this morning.

10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(a) The flight is supposed to leave
in 10 minutes.
I expect the flight to leave in 10 minutes.

10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(a) The flight is supposed to leave
in 10 minutes.
(b) I am supposed to write to Jim.
an expectation

10-11 USING BE SUPPOSED TO
(c) The flight was supposed to leave
at 4:30.
expected event didn’t occur

10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
I expect to get email today .
I ______________ get email today.
am supposed to

10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
They were expected to arrive on May 4,
but they came on May 6.
They _______________ arrive on May 6.
were supposed to
be supposed to

10-11 LET’S PRACTICE
be supposed to
I expected you to call me at noon!
You ______
___________
call me at noon!
were
supposed to