Legal English: Human Rights презентация

The European Court
of Human Rights (ECtHR)
The European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR) is an international human rights court founded in 1959 in Strasbourg, France. Considers complaints about violations of the rights stated in the 1950 Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.
Has jurisdiction in Russia (the right to consider complaints) since 1998. In 20 years, more than 3,000 decisions were delivered against Russia. The Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation allowed the Russian authorities not to execute only two decisions of the ECHR - the case of YUKOS shareholders and ‘Anchugov and Gladkov v. Russia’.
To date, the ECHR has also resolved 4 interstate cases, including ‘Georgia vs. the Russian Federation’ (3 July 2014).

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights
The Inter-American Court of Human Rights considers cases from member States of the Organization of American States (OAS) that have ratified the American Convention on Human Rights. The Court began to function in 1979 after the Convention entered into force. The residence of the Court - San Jose, Costa Rica.
Unlike the ECHR, individuals cannot apply directly to the Court. The transfer of cases for consideration is carried out by the Commission and the States party to the Convention. Individuals may apply to the Commission.
The Inter-American Commission on human rights is an organ of the OAS. Considers complaints regarding violations of the Convention by States Parties and may refer these complaints to the Inter-American Court of Human Rights if the respondent State agrees to transfer it. The residence - Washington, USA.

The African Court on Human and Peoples' Rights and the African Commission on Human and Peoples' Rights
The Court was established on the basis of the Protocol to the African Charter on Human and Peoples' Rights. The Protocol entered into force in 2004 after its ratification by more than 15 countries. The residence of the Court - Arusha, Tanzania. The court resolves all cases and disputes arising out of the interpretation and application of the Charter, its Protocol and any other human rights instrument ratified by the states concerned. The court also has an advisory function.
The African Commission (established in 1987) promotes and protects human rights and also interprets the Charter. With the creation of the African Court, the Commission has the additional task of preparing cases for submission to the Court. The residence of the Commission - Banjul, Gambia.

The UN Human Rights Treaty-based Bodies
(Committees and subcommittees)
There are 10 human rights treaty bodies that monitor the implementation of the core international human rights treaties. 8 of them (underlined) can receive and consider individual complaints or communications from individuals. Citizens of the Russian Federation may file complaints to 4 committees (in red):
Human Rights Committee (CCPR)
Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (CESCR)
Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD)
Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW)
Committee against Torture (CAT)
Subcommittee on Prevention of Torture (SPT)
Committee on Migrant Workers (CMW)
Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC)
Committee on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD)
Committee on Enforced Disappearances (CED)

Universal Declaration on Human Rights
10 December 1948 – 70 years next month!
The Universal Declaration on Human Rights is not a treaty, so it is not legally binding (does not directly create legal obligations for countries). However, it is an expression of the fundamental values which are shared by all members of the international community and it has had a profound influence on the development of international human rights law.