Reported speech. Intermediate level презентация

When do we use it?
REPORTED SPEECH is used to tell what someone said. Yet, we do not repeat all the words exactly.
REAL WORDS (direct speech):
Tom said: “We are going to the cinema this afternoon.”
REPORTED SPEECH:
Tom said that they were going to the cinema that afternoon.

Changes
Types of changes:
Verb Tenses
Time and place adverbial expressions
Logical change of pronouns
EXAMPLE
DIRECT: Mary said: “They are seeing me tomorrow”
REPORTED: Mary said that they were seeing her the following day

Verb Tenses
DIRECT SPEECH ?
PRESENT ?
We study
We are studying
PAST ?
We studied
We were studying
FUTURE ?
We will study
REPORTED SPEECH
PAST
She said that they studied
She said that they were studying
PAST PERFECT
She said that they had studied
She said that they had been studying
CONDITIONAL
She said that they would study

List of Verb Changes

Changes in Modals

Time and Place Adverb Change

Reported statements
Pay attention to the changes mentioned before.
'That‘ can be omited with “TELL & SAY”:
She told him that he was a fool.
She told him he was a fool.
She said that I was right
She said I was right
Remember not to use inverted commas.
Observe that when you use TELL, you must mention “the person you’re speaking to”
John said: “Ann, I’m very happy.”
John told Ann that he was very happy.

Same changes as for statements.
In “REPORTED QUESTIONS” we do not have a question structure, now we have a “statement”
Suject + verb + complements
Paul asked: “Are you coming to the party tonight, Jane?”
Paul asked Jane if she was coming to the party that night.
Types of questions:
YES/NO QUESTIONS: IF / WHETHER + SUJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS
Paul asked : "Do you play volleyball?"
Paul asked me whether (or if) I played volleyball.
WH- QUESTION : WH- + SUJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENTS
John asked: "When do you play badminton?"
John asked me when I played badminton.

Reported commands
Same basic changes as statements
Basic introductory verb: TELL
The IMPERATIVE verbal form turns into
TO + “INFINITIVE” (Affirmative)
NOT + TO + “INFINITIVE” (Negative)
Examples.-
“Come here” He told me ? He told me to go there
Father: "Do your homework!“ ? Father told me to do my homework.
Teacher. "Don't talk to your mate!" ? The teacher told me not to talk to my mate.

Other verbs used for the IMPERATIVE:
ORDER (ordenar)
"Get out of the car!" said the policeman.
The policeman ordered him to get out of the car.
ASK (Pedir)
"Could you please be quiet," she said.
She asked me to be quiet.
WARN (advertir)
The man with the gun said to us, "Don't move!“
The man with the gun warned us not to move.
We can also use:
INVITE (Invitar),
BEG (Suplicar),
FORBID (Prohibir)

We use a that-clause introduced by “suggest”.
'That' y 'should' are optional in these cases:
She said: "Why don't you get a mechanic to look at the car?"
She suggested that I should get a mechanic to look at the car.
She suggested I get a mechanic to look at the car.
Other verbs we can use:
Insist
"It would be a good idea to see the dentist", said my mother.
My mother insisted that I see the dentist
Recommend
The dentist said, "I think you should use a different toothbrush".
The dentist recommended that I should use a different toothbrush.
Notes:
Suggest can be followed by V-ing:
I suggested postponing the visit to the dentist.

In these cases we would use a “reporting verb” related to the meaning, followed by that-clause o to-infinitive:
"I'll pay you the money tomorrow.“
He promised to pay me the money the next day.
He promised that he would pay me the money the next day.
Other verbs that follow this structure:
Hope (Tener esperanza)
"We should arrive in London before nightfall.“
They hoped to arrive in London before nightfall.
They hoped they would arrive in London before nightfall.
Threaten (Amenazar)
"Give me the keys to the safe or I'll shoot you!”
He threatened to shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.
He threatened that he would shoot me if I didn't give him the keys to the safe.
Swear (Jurar)
"I swear it! I'll be back by lunchtime.”
He sweared to be back by lunchtime.
He sweared that he would be back by lunchtime.