The Passive. The Causative. 9 класс презентация

Compare and explain:
1. Джон Нэйпер создал костюмы.
2. Костюмы были созданы Джоном Нэйпером.
John Napier designed the costumes.
(Active voice)
2. The costumes were designed by John Napier.
(Passive voice)

The structure of the sentence:
Active voice:
Субъект – действие – объект
Passive voice:
Объект - действие - (by/with) субъект

Why Passive?
Сделать акцент на самом действии, а не на том, кто его совершает:
The new theatre will be opened tomorrow by the Mayor.
2) Субъект действия неизвестен, неважен или очевиден:
BMW cars are made in Germany.

“be + V3/ed”
V3/ed – смысловой глагол (само действие), всегда в этой форме
be – указывает на время и аспект совершения этого действия
She was seen at the theatre yesterday.
(Её видели в театре вчера /
Она была увидена в театре вчера)
was – Past simple
seen (see) – смысловой глагол в 3 форме

SB: p. 94 ex. 1

Passive forms
Present Simple
am/is/are + V3/ed
Ex. Dinner is cooked every day.
2. Present Continuous
am/is/are being + V3/ed
Ex. Dinner is being cooked now.

Passive forms
3. Present Perfect
have/has been + V3/ed
Ex. Dinner has been cooked by Pam.
4. Past Simple
was/were + V3/ed
Ex. Dinner was cooked by Pam yesterday.

Passive forms
5. Past Continuous
was/were being + V3/ed
Ex. Dinner was being cooked by Pam at 12 o’clock yesterday.
6. Past Perfect
had been + V3/ed
Ex. Dinner had been cooked by Pam by 2 o’clock.

Passive forms
7. Future Simple
will be + V3/ed
Ex. Dinner will be cooked by Pam tomorrow.
8. Modal verbs
can/must/should be + V3/ed
Ex. Dinner must be cooked by Pam.

Ex. 2 p. 94 “be + V3/ed”
2. was being renovated
(Past Continuous) was/were + Ving
3. will be finished
(Future Simple) will + V
4. have already been sold
(Present Perfect) have/has + V3/ed

Ex. 2 p. 94 “be + V3/ed”
5. was painted
(Past Simple) V2
6. was baked
(Past Simple) V2
7. is being built
(Present Continuous) am/is/are + Ving

Ex. 2 p. 94 “be + V3/ed”
8. is not allowed
(Present Simple) V
9. was built
(Past Simple) V2

The Causative.
have + прямое дополнение (В.п.) + V3/ed
Действие совершается не лицом, обозначенным подлежащим, а кем-то другим за него или для него.
SB: p. 95 ex. 5, 6

have + прямое допол. (В.п.) + V3/ed
1. Present perfect: have/has + V3/ed
has had her nails painted
2. going to + V
going to have his car fixed
3. Past Simple: V2
had his bedroom painted

have + прямое допол. (В.п.) + V3/ed
4. Future Simple: will + V
will have her dress shortened
5. Present perfect: have/has + V3/ed
has had a garden shed built