Bases of plants ecology презентация

Plan of lecture:
1 Ecological factors for plants.
2 Ecological groups of plants.
3 Life forms of plants.

Basic literatures:
1 Еленевский А.Г., Соловьев М.П., Тихомиров В.Н. Ботаника: систематика высших, или наземных, растений. 2 изд. - М.: Academіa, 2001. - 429 с.
2 Нестерова С.Г. Лабораторный практикум по систематике растений. - Алматы: Қазақ ун-ті, 2011. - 220 с.
3 Родман А.С. Ботаника. – М.: Колос, 2001. - 328 с.
Additional literatures:
1 Билич Г.Л., Крыжановский В.А. Биология. Т. 2: Ботаника. - М.: Оникс 21 век, 2002. - 543 с.
2 Ишмуратова М.Ю. Систематика и интродукция растений (курс лекций). - Караганда: РИО Болашак-Баспа, 2015. - 100 с.
3 Тусупбекова Г.Т. Основы естествознания. Ч. 1. Ботаника. – Астана: Фолиант, 2013. – 321 с.

Plant ecology- is a science about communication between plants and elements of environment.
All elements of environment are separated into 3 groups:
Need for plants;
dangerous;
Indifferent .
Need and dangerous element in general are called ecological factors.

Classification of ecological factor:
1. Abiotical factors – are factors of non-living nature:
а) climate - light, worm, humidity, composition and moving of air;
б) edaphic (soil) – is different chemical and physical peculiarities of soils;
в) topographic – are factor of relief.
2. Biotic factors – are influences of living together organisms to each others.
а) influence one plant into neighbor plants;
б) influence animals into plants;
в) influence micro organisms into plants.
3. Anthropogenic factors – are different influence of human into plants.

Plasticity of plants species is vary in wide conditions. So, all plants can be ranged into 3 groups:
Stenotope – with a small ecological diapasons. For example, trees of tropical forest.
2) Everytope – with a wide ecological diapasons. For examples, Pinus sylvestris.
3) Average plasticity – are the most species. They lie between stenotope and everytope species.

To influence of humidity it is determined the following groups of plants.
1. Xerophytes – are plants growing in arid conditions with deficit of water in soil or air.
2. Mesophytes – are plants growing in conditions with enough amount of water.
3. Hygrophytes – are plants growing in the conditions with high level of humidity of soil or air.
4. Hydrophytes – are species growing in water conditions.

By influence to sun light it is usually separated the following groups:
1) Heliophytes;
2) Scioheliophytes;
3) Sciophytes.

Raflesia Arnoldii

Plants – semi-parasites: 1 – Viscum album, low part of plant with root under cork; 2 – cross-cut of branch; 3 – Melampyrum arvense, which parasite on cereals

To depending from temperature it is separated 4 ecological groups:
Megaterm – hot-resistant plants;
Mesoterm – lnot hot resistant;
Microterm – growing in cold climate;
Gecistoterm – cold resistant plants.

Depending of soil chemical conditions are separated the following ecological groups of plants:
Acidophytes;
Basiophytes;
Neutrophytes.

Types of communication between plants:
1. Mutualism.
2. Commensalism.
3. Parasitism.
4. Concurention.

Scheme of life forms (according to A. Raunkier):
А – position of buds; Б – perennial parts of stalk; 1 – hemocryptophytes; 2 – cryptophytes; 3 – terophytes; 4 - phanerophytes; 5 – chameophytes

Control questions: