Human Immune system (HIS) презентация

Immunology
Immunology is the study of the strategies and mechanisms that the body uses to rid itself of foreign substances

Organs of the immune system
The organs are:
- Spleen
- Lymph nodes
- Mucosal nodes
- Reticulo-endothelial system
- Thymus

Spleen
The spleen is involved in:
degradation of old and dead erythrocytes.
storage of blood as a reserve
production of lymphocytes
production of fetal blood until birth

Lymph nodes
Lymph nodes are involved in both blood production and body defense by capturing microbes
In the event of major infection, the lymph nodes can become enlarged

Reticulo-endothelial System
The reticulo-endothelial system is made up of Kuppfer cells of the liver and reticular cells of red bone marrow
This system defends the body against hazardous substances by phagocytosis

Thymus
Defends the body against infection by producing lymphocytes

Immunity
Immunity is the recognition and removal of molecules foreign to the body

Antigen – foreign substance
Antibody is produced against antigen, and destroys antigen

Acquisition of Immunity
Active immunity: the individual alone produces antibodies against an antigen
Passive immunity: the individual is given prepared antibodies

Vaccines
Vaccines function as a precaution before exposure to the illness
They are composed of a physiological fluid and a weakened or dead microbe
Properties:
- they should have little or no side effects
- any vaccination should not be given during illness or after surgery
- they have allergic functions.

Types of Immunity
Immunity is maintained by two pathways:
non-specific immunity
specific immunity

Non-specific Immunity
Barriers nonspecifically prevent microbes from entering the body
It is maintained by interferon (inactivate viruses and degrades cancer cells), phagocytosis, skin, tears and sweat, gastric juices, hair and mucus in the respiratory tract

Specific immunity
It is based on production of a different type of antibody against each different type of microorganism antigen