Содержание
- 2. Introduction The Respiratory System is mainly concerned with gaseous exchange which occurs in the lungs at
- 3. Objectives: Description of the main functional units of the respiratory system and its division into upper
- 5. Organization of the Respiratory System The upper respiratory tract consists of: (Nose and nasal cavity, Pharynx
- 6. Function of the Respiratory System Conducting portion transports air. - includes the nose, nasal cavity, pharynx,
- 7. Upper Respiratory Tract
- 8. Nose It consists of external nose and nasal cavity. The external nose extends the nasal cavities
- 9. Nasal Cavity Four walled pyramidal space. Each nasal cavity consists of three general regions-the nasal vestibule,
- 10. Nasal Conchae are folds in the mucous membrane that increase air turbulence and ensures that most
- 11. Respiratory mucosa Most of the conducting portion is lined with ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium that contains
- 12. Paranasal Sinuses They are closed cavities in the frontal, maxillary, ethmoid, and sphenoid bones. They are
- 13. Communication with nasal cavity The frontal sinus drains through frontonasal duct to the semilunar hiatus of
- 14. Functions of the Paranasal sinuses Decrease skull bone weight. Warm, moisten and filter incoming air. Add
- 15. Paranasal sinuses X-Ray
- 16. Pharynx The pharynx is a musculo-fascial half cylinder that links the oral and nasal cavities in
- 17. Pharyngeal mucosa Superior-most region of the nasopharynx is covered with pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium. Posterior nasopharynx
- 18. Larynx It is a cylindrical musculo-ligamentous structure with a cartilaginous framework that caps the lower respiratory
- 19. Laryngeal Cartilages Nine C-rings of cartilage form the framework of the larynx Thyroid cartilage – (1)
- 20. Larynx Muscular walls aid in voice production and the swallowing reflex. Glottis – the superior opening
- 21. Sound Production The cavity of larynx has two folds (ligaments): Upper Vestibular folds are false vocal
- 22. Sound Production Intermittent release of exhaled air through the vocal folds Loudness – depends on the
- 23. Conducting zone of lower respiratory tract
- 24. Trachea A flexible tube also called windpipe. Extends through the mediastinum and lies anterior to the
- 25. Trachea At the level of the sternal angle, the trachea bifurcates into two smaller tubes, called
- 26. Bronchial Tree A highly branched system of air-conducting passages that originate from the left and right
- 27. Bronchial Tree The primary bronchi enter the hilus of each lung together with the pulmonary vessels,
- 28. Bronchial Tree Secondary bronchi? Tertiary bronchi? Bronchioles? Terminal bronchioles. With successive branching amount of cartilage decreases
- 29. Respiratory Zone of Lower Respiratory Tract
- 30. Conduction vs. Respiratory zones Most of the tubing in the lungs makes up conduction zone. Consists
- 31. Respiratory Bronchioles, Alveolar Ducts, and Alveoli Lungs contain small saccular outpocketings called alveoli. They have a
- 32. Respiratory Membrane Squamous cells of alveoli . Basement membrane of alveoli. Basement membrane of capillaries Simple
- 33. Cells in the Alveolus Type I cells : simple squamous cells forming lining. Type II cells
- 34. Gross Anatomy of the Lungs Each lung has a conical shape. Its superior region called the
- 35. Lungs Left lung Divided into 2 lobes by oblique fissure. Smaller than the right lung. Cardiac
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