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- 2. Water quality Water quality is commonly defined by its physical, chemical, biological and aesthetic (appearance and
- 3. Protecting aquatic ecosystems Aquatic ecosystems are an integral part of our environment. They need to be
- 4. The physicochemical indicators can be classified into two groups: ● Those which have direct toxic effects
- 5. The quality of the aquatic environment is a broader issue which can be described in terms
- 6. This can be achieved through: chemical analyses of water, particulate matter and aquatic organisms (such as
- 7. Water quality indicators Biological: algae, bacteria Physical: temperature, turbidity and clarity, color, salinity, suspended solids, dissolved
- 8. Freshwater quality deterioration at the global level xxx Globally occurring, or locally severe deterioration; xx Important
- 9. Sources and significance of pollutants resulting from human activities x Low local significance xx Moderate local
- 10. Number of stations and of observations of water quality parameters separated by class and geographic region
- 11. Types of Stations Baseline Stations are typically located in headwater lakes, undisturbed upstream river stretches, and
- 12. Physicochemical Indicators Color (this can influence primary production) Dissolved oxygen (this can adversely affect fish and
- 13. Water quality parameters Temperature Salinity. The total dissolved solids (TDS) in water consist of inorganic salts
- 14. Sediment classes.
- 15. Water quality parameters pH pH is defined as the negative log-base 10 of the hydrogen ion
- 16. Water quality parameters Dissolved oxygen Dissolved oxygen (DO) refers to the volume of oxygen that is
- 17. Toxicants Inorganic compounds (e.g., ammonia, cyanide, and hydrogen sulfide) Heavy metals (e.g., copper, cadmium, mercury, and
- 18. Biological Indicators Species richness Species composition Primary production Ecosystem function
- 19. Regulating Water Quality According to the Sanitary Regulations and Standards (SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01), potable water shall be
- 20. Water quality Water quality means its content and properties, which determine its applicability within certain types
- 21. Water quality Sanitary Regulations and Standards SanPiN 2.1.4.1175-02 establish requirements to water supplied through non-central supply
- 22. Maximum permissible concentration Maximum permissible concentration for household and cultural and general water use (MPCw) is
- 23. MPC MPCf is often considered as an environmental standard, which is not correct. Practically, MPCf is
- 24. MPC MPCsf are usually more stringent, than MPCsw. It should be emphasized, that it is fishery
- 25. Ratio between MPCs of some substances in water
- 26. Pollution rate and water quality class are sometimes determined upon microbiological properties
- 27. Water Pollution Index As it is with the atmospheric air, various indices are used to ensure
- 28. Water Pollution Index Normally, Water Pollution Indices are calculated upon six or seven hydrochemical properties, including
- 29. Depending on Water Pollution Index, areas of water pieces are divided in classes
- 30. Water Pollution Index The grade of excess MPCf is calculated for each ingredient on the basis
- 31. Combinative Pollution Index Ingredients, for which the value of the general assessment grade is over or
- 32. Combinative Pollution Index Combinative Pollution Index is applicable only when the impact effect is aggravated through
- 33. Saprobity Index Integral characteristics of the quality also include the saprobity index, which is calculated onthe
- 34. Saprobity Index The Si value represents the aggregate of the physiological and biochemical properties of an
- 35. Saprobity Index
- 36. Integral Indices integral indices as such are not the assessment of the mancaused environmental load. High
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