Bilinguals and Bilingualism презентация

Language socialization
The study of bilingualism provides an excellent laboratory for learning how a child can learn to be a member of two (or more) distinct societies.

Bilingualism
A bilingual is a person who has some functional ability in a second language.
2 confusions connected to the term:
1/ highly skilled multiple-domained balanced bilingualism of an expert translator and interpreter and a uneven recent immigrant skills
2/ the common use of the term bilingual to refer to a socially-disfavoured minority group

What do we need to describe the nature of an individual’s bilingualism?
to identify each of the languages
the way each language was acquired: mother (or native) tongue learning, second (or informal) language learning, and foreign (or additional) language learning
Skills: reading, writing, speaking, understanding speech
the external functions which can be performed in each language

Description of bilingual’s language
by domains

Bilingual competence
compound bilinguals whose two languages were assumed to be closely connected, because one language had been learned after (and so through) the other
co-ordinate bilinguals who had learned each language in separate contexts, and so kept them distinct

Neurophysiologically
bilingualism is the prime example of language contact, for the two languages are in contact in the bilingual. This contact can lead to interference.

Code switching and code mixing
The switching of words is the beginning of borrowing
mixed code (Eg. Jamaican English or New Zealand English)
For a bilingual, shifting for convenience (choosing the available word or phrase on the basis of easy availability) is commonly related to topic.