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![KEY VOCABULARY Cognitive Cohesion Coherence Direct Equivalence Functional Inter- Intra-](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-1.jpg)
KEY VOCABULARY
Cognitive
Cohesion
Coherence
Direct
Equivalence
Functional
Inter-
Intra-
Lingual
Linguistic
Loyalty
Oblique
Semantic
Semiotic
Shift
Слайд 3
![KEY VOCABULARY going in a straight line towards somewhere or](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-2.jpg)
KEY VOCABULARY
going in a straight line towards somewhere or someone without
stopping or changing direction
connected with thinking or conscious mental processes
firm and not changing in your friendship with or support for a person or an organization, or in your belief in your principles
connected with the meanings of words
having a sloping direction, angle, or position
the study of signs and symbols, what they mean, and how they are used
relating to the tongue, language
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![KEY VOCABULARY connected with language or the study of language](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-3.jpg)
KEY VOCABULARY
connected with language or the study of language
having the same
amount, value, purpose, qualities
designed to be practical and useful rather than attractive
the situation when the parts of something fit together in a natural or reasonable way
the situation when the members of a group or society are united
move or change from one position or direction to another, especially slightly
Слайд 5
![APPROACHES RELATED TO TS](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-4.jpg)
Слайд 6
![LINGUISTIC APPROACH](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-5.jpg)
Слайд 7
![LINGUISTIC APPROACH KEY ISSUES AND CONTEXTS](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-6.jpg)
LINGUISTIC APPROACH KEY ISSUES AND CONTEXTS
Слайд 8
![PART 1 (KEY ISSUES: MEANING, EQUIVALENCE, SHIFT) PLAN 1) Types](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-7.jpg)
PART 1
(KEY ISSUES: MEANING, EQUIVALENCE, SHIFT)
PLAN
1) Types of translation: Roman
Jakobson
2) Formal and Dynamic Equivalence: Eugene Nida
3) Semantic and Communicative Translation: Peter Newmark
4) Translation Procedures: J.P. Vinay and J. Darbelnet
5) Translation Shifts: J. Catford
Слайд 9
![THE LINGUISTIC APPROACH KEY ISSUES](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-8.jpg)
THE LINGUISTIC APPROACH KEY ISSUES
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![ROMAN JAKOBSON 1896 – 1982 Russian linguist and literary theorist](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-9.jpg)
ROMAN JAKOBSON
1896 – 1982
Russian linguist and literary theorist
Linguistic meaning and
equivalence are the key issues
Слайд 11
![3 TYPES OF TRANSLATION:](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-10.jpg)
Слайд 12
![EUGENE NIDA (1914 –2011) AMERICAN LINGUIST DEVELOPED DYNAMIC-EQUIVALENCE BIBLE-TRANSLATION THEORY](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-11.jpg)
EUGENE NIDA (1914 –2011)
AMERICAN LINGUIST
DEVELOPED DYNAMIC-EQUIVALENCE BIBLE-TRANSLATION THEORY
Слайд 13
![THE TERMS "DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE" AND "FORMAL EQUIVALENCE" originally coined to](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-12.jpg)
THE TERMS "DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE" AND "FORMAL EQUIVALENCE"
originally coined to describe
ways of translating the Bible
the two approaches are applicable to any translation
Слайд 14
![FORMAL EQUIVALENCE translator aims at reproducing as literally and meaningfully](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-13.jpg)
FORMAL EQUIVALENCE
translator aims at reproducing as literally and meaningfully as
possible the form and content of the original
Слайд 15
![DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE dynamic equivalence - functional equivalence aims at complete naturalness of expression](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-14.jpg)
DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE
dynamic equivalence - functional equivalence aims at complete naturalness of
expression
Слайд 16
![BRITISH TRANSLATION THEORIST PETER NEWMARK (1916 – 2011) influenced by](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-15.jpg)
BRITISH TRANSLATION THEORIST PETER NEWMARK (1916 – 2011)
influenced by the work
of Nida
semantic translation
communicative translation
Слайд 17
![SEMANTIC TRANSLATION](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-16.jpg)
Слайд 18
![COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-17.jpg)
COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION
Слайд 19
![JEAN-PAUL VINAY (1910 -1999) JEAN DARBELNET (1904 -1990)](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-18.jpg)
JEAN-PAUL VINAY (1910 -1999) JEAN DARBELNET (1904 -1990)
Слайд 20
![DIRECT (LITERAL) TRANSLATION STRATEGIES:](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-19.jpg)
DIRECT (LITERAL) TRANSLATION STRATEGIES:
Слайд 21
![OBLIQUE (FREE) TRANSLATION STRATEGIES](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-20.jpg)
OBLIQUE (FREE) TRANSLATION STRATEGIES
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![OBLIQUE (FREE) TRANSLATION STRATEGIES](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-21.jpg)
OBLIQUE (FREE) TRANSLATION STRATEGIES
Слайд 23
![JOHN CATFORD (1917 –2009) Shift A Linguistic Theory of Translation Two types of shifts](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-22.jpg)
JOHN CATFORD
(1917 –2009)
Shift
A Linguistic Theory of Translation
Two types
of shifts
Слайд 24
![TWO TYPES OF SHIFTS:](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-23.jpg)
Слайд 25
![PART 2 ( KEY ISSUES: ТEXT PURPOSE, TEXT ANALYSIS) PLAN](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-24.jpg)
PART 2 ( KEY ISSUES: ТEXT PURPOSE, TEXT ANALYSIS)
PLAN
Слайд 26
![SCOPOS THEORY](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-25.jpg)
Слайд 27
![THE IMPORTANCE OF ST](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-26.jpg)
Слайд 28
![CRITICISM](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-27.jpg)
Слайд 29
![PROS AND CONS](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-28.jpg)
Слайд 30
![KATHARINA REISS (1923 -2018)](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-29.jpg)
KATHARINA REISS (1923 -2018)
Слайд 31
![TRANSLATION-FOCUSED TEXT TYPOLOGY](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-30.jpg)
TRANSLATION-FOCUSED TEXT TYPOLOGY
Слайд 32
![(1) THE TRANSLATION OF CONTENT-FOCUSED TEXTS](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-31.jpg)
(1) THE TRANSLATION OF CONTENT-FOCUSED TEXTS
Слайд 33
![(2) TRANSLATION OF FORM-FOCUSED TEXTS](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-32.jpg)
(2) TRANSLATION OF FORM-FOCUSED TEXTS
Слайд 34
![HOW TO OVERCOME THE DIFFICULTY](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-33.jpg)
HOW TO OVERCOME THE DIFFICULTY
Слайд 35
![(3) APPEAL-FOCUSED TEXTS: THE APPEAL FUNCTION OF L DOMINATES](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-34.jpg)
(3) APPEAL-FOCUSED TEXTS: THE APPEAL FUNCTION OF L DOMINATES
Слайд 36
![HOW TO TRANSLATE](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-35.jpg)
Слайд 37
![(4) TRANSLATION OF AUDIO-MEDIAL TEXTS](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-36.jpg)
(4) TRANSLATION OF AUDIO-MEDIAL TEXTS
Слайд 38
![HOW TO TRANSLATE](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-37.jpg)
Слайд 39
![WATCH THE VIDEO, ANSWER THE QUESTIONS Which term does she](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-38.jpg)
WATCH THE VIDEO, ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
Which term does she prefer instead
of “scopos theory”? Why?
What term has she introduced? How does she define it?
Which types of this category is she describing?
What are her recommendations to translators?
Слайд 40
![WATCH THE VIDEO, ANSWER THE QUESTIONS How is the conservative](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-39.jpg)
WATCH THE VIDEO, ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
How is the conservative approach defined
by Chris?
What is her background? Which type of activity is she successful in at present? What was her first book?
What is characteristic of Translation Studies in Germany?
What remains to be done in TS?
Слайд 41
![CHRISTIANE NORD TEXT ANALYSIS IN TRANSLATION (1989/91)](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-40.jpg)
CHRISTIANE NORD TEXT ANALYSIS IN TRANSLATION (1989/91)
Слайд 42
![DOCUMENTARY TRANSLATION](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-41.jpg)
Слайд 43
![INSTRUMENTAL TRANSLATION](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-42.jpg)
Слайд 44
![ELEMENTS RELEVANT FOR THE TRANSLATION-ORIENTED ANALYSIS](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-43.jpg)
ELEMENTS RELEVANT FOR THE TRANSLATION-ORIENTED ANALYSIS
Слайд 45
![SUBJECT MATTER](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-44.jpg)
Слайд 46
![CONTENT](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-45.jpg)
Слайд 47
![COHESION](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-46.jpg)
Слайд 48
![COHERENCE](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-47.jpg)
Слайд 49
![PRESUPPOSITIONS](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-48.jpg)
Слайд 50
![NON-VERBAL ELEMENTS](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-49.jpg)
Слайд 51
![LEXICON](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-50.jpg)
Слайд 52
![SUMMARY The linguistic approach to translation theory incorporates the following](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-51.jpg)
SUMMARY
The linguistic approach to translation theory incorporates the following concepts: meaning,
equivalence, shift, text purpose and analysis, and discourse register; which can be examined in the contexts of structural and functional linguistics, semantics, pragmatics, correspondence, sociolinguistics and stylistics.
Слайд 53
![SUMMARY Roman Jakobson suggests distinguishing 3 types of translation: intralingual,](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/200080/slide-52.jpg)
SUMMARY
Roman Jakobson suggests distinguishing 3 types of translation: intralingual, interlingual, intersemiotic.
Eugene
Nida advanced the idea of Formal and Dynamic Equivalence.
Peter Newmark put forward the idea of Semantic and Communicative Translation.
J.P. Vinay and J. Darbelnet classified Translation Procedures into: Direct (Borrowing, Calque, Literal translation) and Oblique (Transposition, Equivalence, Modulation, Adaptation).
J. Catford advanced the idea of Translation Shifts and suggests distinguishing of Level shift and 4 types of Category shifts (structural shifts, class shifts, unit shifts, intra-system shifts)