Translation studies: linguistic approach презентация

KEY VOCABULARY
Cognitive
Cohesion
Coherence
Direct
Equivalence
Functional
Inter-
Intra-
Lingual
Linguistic
Loyalty
Oblique
Semantic
Semiotic
Shift

KEY VOCABULARY
going in a straight line towards somewhere or someone without stopping or changing direction
connected with thinking or conscious mental processes
firm and not changing in your friendship with or support for a person or an organization, or in your belief in your principles
connected with the meanings of words
having a sloping direction, angle, or position
the study of signs and symbols, what they mean, and how they are used
relating to the tongue, language

KEY VOCABULARY
connected with language or the study of language
having the same amount, value, purpose, qualities
designed to be practical and useful rather than attractive
the situation when the parts of something fit together in a natural or reasonable way
the situation when the members of a group or society are united
move or change from one position or direction to another, especially slightly

APPROACHES RELATED TO TS

LINGUISTIC APPROACH

LINGUISTIC APPROACH KEY ISSUES AND CONTEXTS

PART 1
(KEY ISSUES: MEANING, EQUIVALENCE, SHIFT)
PLAN
1) Types of translation: Roman Jakobson
2) Formal and Dynamic Equivalence: Eugene Nida
3) Semantic and Communicative Translation: Peter Newmark
4) Translation Procedures: J.P. Vinay and J. Darbelnet
5) Translation Shifts: J. Catford

THE LINGUISTIC APPROACH KEY ISSUES

ROMAN JAKOBSON
1896 – 1982
Russian linguist and literary theorist
Linguistic meaning and equivalence are the key issues

3 TYPES OF TRANSLATION:

EUGENE NIDA (1914 –2011)
AMERICAN LINGUIST
DEVELOPED DYNAMIC-EQUIVALENCE BIBLE-TRANSLATION THEORY

THE TERMS "DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE" AND "FORMAL EQUIVALENCE"
originally coined to describe ways of translating the Bible
the two approaches are applicable to any translation

FORMAL EQUIVALENCE
translator aims at reproducing as literally and meaningfully as possible the form and content of the original

DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE
dynamic equivalence - functional equivalence aims at complete naturalness of expression

BRITISH TRANSLATION THEORIST PETER NEWMARK (1916 – 2011)
influenced by the work of Nida
semantic translation
communicative translation

SEMANTIC TRANSLATION

COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION

JEAN-PAUL VINAY (1910 -1999) JEAN DARBELNET (1904 -1990)

DIRECT (LITERAL) TRANSLATION STRATEGIES:

OBLIQUE (FREE) TRANSLATION STRATEGIES

OBLIQUE (FREE) TRANSLATION STRATEGIES

JOHN CATFORD
(1917 –2009)
Shift
A Linguistic Theory of Translation
Two types of shifts

TWO TYPES OF SHIFTS:

PART 2 ( KEY ISSUES: ТEXT PURPOSE, TEXT ANALYSIS)
PLAN

SCOPOS THEORY

THE IMPORTANCE OF ST

CRITICISM

PROS AND CONS

KATHARINA REISS (1923 -2018)

TRANSLATION-FOCUSED TEXT TYPOLOGY

(1) THE TRANSLATION OF CONTENT-FOCUSED TEXTS

(2) TRANSLATION OF FORM-FOCUSED TEXTS

HOW TO OVERCOME THE DIFFICULTY

(3) APPEAL-FOCUSED TEXTS: THE APPEAL FUNCTION OF L DOMINATES

HOW TO TRANSLATE

(4) TRANSLATION OF AUDIO-MEDIAL TEXTS

HOW TO TRANSLATE

WATCH THE VIDEO, ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
Which term does she prefer instead of “scopos theory”? Why?
What term has she introduced? How does she define it?
Which types of this category is she describing?
What are her recommendations to translators?

WATCH THE VIDEO, ANSWER THE QUESTIONS
How is the conservative approach defined by Chris?
What is her background? Which type of activity is she successful in at present? What was her first book?
What is characteristic of Translation Studies in Germany?
What remains to be done in TS?

CHRISTIANE NORD TEXT ANALYSIS IN TRANSLATION (1989/91)

DOCUMENTARY TRANSLATION

INSTRUMENTAL TRANSLATION

ELEMENTS RELEVANT FOR THE TRANSLATION-ORIENTED ANALYSIS

SUBJECT MATTER

CONTENT

COHESION

COHERENCE

PRESUPPOSITIONS

NON-VERBAL ELEMENTS

LEXICON

SUMMARY
The linguistic approach to translation theory incorporates the following concepts: meaning, equivalence, shift, text purpose and analysis, and discourse register; which can be examined in the contexts of structural and functional linguistics, semantics, pragmatics, correspondence, sociolinguistics and stylistics.

SUMMARY
Roman Jakobson suggests distinguishing 3 types of translation: intralingual, interlingual, intersemiotic.
Eugene Nida advanced the idea of Formal and Dynamic Equivalence.
Peter Newmark put forward the idea of Semantic and Communicative Translation.
J.P. Vinay and J. Darbelnet classified Translation Procedures into: Direct (Borrowing, Calque, Literal translation) and Oblique (Transposition, Equivalence, Modulation, Adaptation).
J. Catford advanced the idea of Translation Shifts and suggests distinguishing of Level shift and 4 types of Category shifts (structural shifts, class shifts, unit shifts, intra-system shifts)