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![Content 1/ Features of unitary state 2/Types of unitary state](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/195228/slide-1.jpg)
Content
1/ Features of unitary state
2/Types of unitary state
3/Examples of unitary state
4/Features
of federation
5/Types of federation
6/Examples of federation
7/Features of confederation
8/Examples of confederation
9/ Coclusion
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![Features of unitary state Unitary Features of constitution make a](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/195228/slide-2.jpg)
Features of unitary state
Unitary Features of constitution make a centralized government.
It is a government in which all powers held by the government belong to a single, central agency. A unitary system is governed constitutionally as one single unit. All power is top down
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![Characteristics of Unitary Government Centralization of Powers. Single and Simple](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/195228/slide-3.jpg)
Characteristics of Unitary Government
Centralization of Powers.
Single and Simple Government.
Uniformity of Laws.
No
Distribution of Powers.
Flexible Constitutions.
Potential for Despotism.
Responsibility.
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![Examples of unitary state Unitary System One central government controls](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/195228/slide-4.jpg)
Examples of unitary state
Unitary System
One central government controls weaker states. Power
is not shared between states, counties, or provinces. Examples: China, United Kingdom (although Scotland has been granted self-rule)
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![Features of federation A Federation is always characterised by the](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/195228/slide-5.jpg)
Features of federation
A Federation is always characterised by the following essential
features:
Division of Powers
Written Constitution
Rigid Constitution
Supremacy of the Constitution
Special Role of the Judiciary
Dual Administration
Dual Citizenship
Bicameral Legislature
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![Types of federation There are two types of federation: Coming](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/195228/slide-6.jpg)
Types of federation
There are two types of federation: Coming together Federation
and Holding together Federation. Federalism has dual objectives of safeguarding and promoting unity of the country and recognizing regional diversity by way of mutual trust and agreement of living together
There are : Coming together Federation and Holding together Federation
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![Examples of federations Examples of the federation or federal state](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/195228/slide-7.jpg)
Examples of federations
Examples of the federation or federal state include the
United States, India, Brazil, Malaysia, Mexico, Russia, Germany, Canada, Switzerland, Bosnia & Herzegovina, Belgium, Argentina, Nigeria, and Australia
The Federation of Egyptian Industries (FEI) is one of the country’s largest employers’ associations, with 19 active industrial chambers as members, representing over 102,000 industrial enterprises out of which more than 90% belong to the private sector; accounting for more than 2 million workers and 18% of the national economy.
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![](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/195228/slide-8.jpg)
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![Features of confederation The characteristics of confederations also are highlighted](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/195228/slide-9.jpg)
Features of confederation
The characteristics of confederations also are highlighted by distinguishing
them from federations.
No Authority to Legislate for Individuals.
No Independent Revenue Sources.
Sovereignty Retained by the Member States.
Member-State Citizenship.
Written Document.
Expressly Delegated Powers.
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![Examples f confederation The European Alliance, and the United Nations](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/195228/slide-10.jpg)
Examples f confederation
The European Alliance, and the United Nations (“U.N.”) are
examples of confederation, while the United States is a federation. While the U.S. as a whole may participate in confederations, such as the U.N., it maintains a central government with some authority over the various states