Intercultural Communication презентация

PE: Change in media ownership in the US - 2011

Media Giants Today

7 Media Giants control…
What we read
What we watch
What we listen to
What we speak about and how we do it?

The most powerful tycoon in the world?

Rupert Murdoch – Media Tycoon
Born: Australia 1931
Became naturalized US citizen in 1985 – enabling him to buy US companies.
Founder and CEO of holding company: News Corporation
In the UK, the company owns The Sun, The Times, The Sunday Times, The News of the World (closed down in 2011) and many local papers
In the US, the Wall St Journal, the New York Post, Fox Broadcasting (film and TV).

Murdoch’s News Corporation is active in all continents of the world in all areas of commercial media, and some of its various companies are managed by Murdoch family members.
Ownership of Hollywood studio 20th Century Fox as used for the netwoprk Fox TV (22 TV (Simpsons, and Fox News).
Subsidiaries in the Cayman Islands, the Bahamas, the Virgin Islands and the Channel Islands (all tax havens).

Bought the British newspaper The Sun in 1969, turning it into a tabloid
In the 1980s moved the newspaper offices out of London - used new print technology, making thousands of print-workers unemployed. Bought a share in TNT, a road transport company, and shifted delivery of papers from rail to road.
In the 1990s, Murdoch (who owned approx. 132 newspapers in the UK, about 30% of the market), began a price war. He cut the price of his Times newspaper but also increased sales and seriously damaged sales of other broadsheet newspapers (e.g. The Independent).

Murdoch’s 3rd wife Wendy Deng (38 years younger) is Chinese and was vice president of STAR TV when they married (17 days after his second divorce). In June 2013, the couple announced their divorce.
Murdoch is part owner of pay-TV BSkyB (the only successful UK satellite company). BSkyB has changed the broadcasting of sports, through the introduction of pay-per-view TV, and negotiated exclusive TV deals with many sports. In 1998 he tried but failed to buy Manchester United.
Fox News is a major competitor for CNN and is openly supportive of right wing and conservative parties around the world.
Murdoch and his family and friends (James Murdoch, Rebekah Brooks) are known for doing deals and socializing with any politician or party that appears powerful.

The Sun (acquired 1969) turned tabloid

NEWS CORP
Film (Twentieth Century Fox, Blue Sky Studios, FOX );
Internet (TheStreet.com, Healtheon/WebMD Corp. (partial ownership))
Cable TV-Networks - U.S. FOX Broadcasting Company, FOX News Channel FOX Kids Network, FOX Sports (partial in some markets; The Health Network fX, National Geographic's cable channel (50%), Golf Channel, TV Guide Channel (44%); Stations - 22 Fox affiliated stations; Networks – International; British Sky Broadcasting; STAR TV (Asia); Radio - Fox Sports Radio Network);
Publishing (Books: Harper Collins General, Book Group,
Regan Books, Amistad Press, William Morrow & Co., Avon Books); Magazines (Wall Street Journal, the Weekly Standard, Maximum Golf); Newspapers (New York Post (U.S.), The Times (U.K.), The Sun (U.K.), News of the World (U.K.), The Australian (Australia), The Daily Telegraph (Australia), The Herald Sun (Australia), The Advertiser (Australia))
Sports (Los Angeles Dodgers, New York Knicks (partial ownership), New York Rangers (partial ownership), Los Angeles Kings (partial ownership),
Los Angeles Lakers (partial ownership), Dodger Stadium, Staples Center (partial ownership), Madison Square Garden (partial ownership))

Viacom-$50 billion merger between Viacom and CBS Corporation was completed in May 2000. CEO - Sumner Redstone
Radio (Networks/Stations: Infinity Broadcasting);
Internet (MTV Group, CBS Internet Group, BET.com, Contentville.com, etc.)
Film (Paramount Pictures, MTV Films, Nickelodeon Movies;) Theater Operations (United Cinemas International, Paramount Theaters, Famous Players (Canada)); Video (Blockbuster Video)
TV (CBS, UPN, MTV Network, MTV, Nickelodeon, Nick at Nite, TV Land, CMT, TNN, VH1, FLIX, BET, etc.)
Publishing (Books: The Free Press, MTV Books, Nickelodeon Books, Simon & Schuster, Pocket Books, Scribner, Touchstone)
Other (Famous Music Publishing (copyright owners); Theme Parks
Paramount Parks; Infinity Outdoor/TDI Worldwide -- the largest outdoor advertising group in the U.S.; Star Trek franchise)

The Walt Disney Company is the third largest global media conglomerate. Its FY 2000 revenues topped $25 billion
Film (Walt Disney Pictures, Touchstone Pictures, Miramax, Pixar, Hollywood Pictures, Caravan Pictures, Buena Vista Home Entertainment);
Internet (Buena Vista Internet Group: ABC.com, ABCNews.com, Oscar.com, Disney.com, Family.Com, ESPN Internet Group,NBA.com, NASCAR.com, Soccernet.com (60%), Infoseek (43%), Toysmart.com (majority stake));
Music (Buena Vista Music Group, Hollywood Records,
Lyric Street Records, Mammoth Records, Walt Disney Records);
Broadcasting (Networks - ABC, The Disney Channel, SoapNet, The History Channel , Lifetime (partial ownership with Hearst), E! , Television 10 stations: Vista Television, Touchstone Television ,Walt Disney Television, Animation ; Radio – 27 radio stations);
Publishing (books, magazines, daily newspapers);
Recreation (sports, theme parks, theater)

AOL Time Warner - in January 2001, the $165 billion mega-merger between AOL and Time Warner was the largest media merger in history
Film (Warner Brothers Studios, Castle Rock Entertainment, New Line Cinema, Fine Line Features);
Internet (AOL CompuServe, Netscape, AOL MovieFone, Digital City, MapQuest.com, Spinner.com, Google);
Music (The Atlantic Group, Rhino Records, London-Sire Records Inc.,Warner Bros. Records, Warner Music International, Time Life Music, Qwest Records, etc.);
TV (WB Television Network, HBO, Cinemax, Time Warner Sports, CNN, TBS, Cartoon Network, Looney Tunes)
Publishing (Books, magazines - Time Magazine
Life Magazine, Sports Illustrated, People, In Style, American Express , MAD)
Recreation (Atlanta Braves, Atlanta Hawks, World Championship, Wrestling)

Sony - Japan-based started in 1946. $58 billion in sales for 2001.
TV (Columbia TriStar Domestic Television
Columbia TriStar International Television
Sony Pictures Family Entertainment, cable TV channels, etc);
Film (Sony Pictures Entertainment, Columbia Pictures, Sony Pictures Classics, Screen Gems);
Theater (partial ownerships - Loews Theatres, Star Theatres , Cineplex Odeon, Plitt Theatres );
Music (Columbia Records, Epic Records, Harmony Records, Legacy Recordings, Loud Records, Sony Music Soundtracks, Soho Square,Rubenstein);
Non-media assets (Sony Electronics, Sony Life Insurance, Metreon (a mall in San Francisco)).

Vivendi Universal - was created in December, 2000 out of a merger agreement between Vivendi, The Seagram Company Ltd., and Canal+
Film (Universal Studios, partial owner to - October Films, United International Pictures, Cinema International BV);
Internet (Universal Studios New Media Group
VivendiNet, Vizzavi (European multi-access portal);
Music (Universal Records, MCA Records, Polygram, Decca Records);
TV (Universal Television Group, Multimedia Entertainment, Brillstein-Grey Entertainment, Canal +,etc. );
Publishing (Books-Magazines: Havas Press);
Telecoms (Cegetel (a leading private French wireless operator),Vivendi Telecom International);

Bertelsmann - privately-owned German media conglomerate is a global publishing giant with interests in roughly 600 companies and 53 countries.
Internet (AOL Europe , Napster– partial own., Barnesandnoble.com , Lycos Europe);
Radio (FM Radio Network (Germany), 17 stations in France, Germany, Luxembourg, Ireland, Belgium, Netherlands, Sweden);
TV (UFA Film & TV Production (Germany), Trebitsch Production (Germany), Delux Productions (Luxembourg), Cinevideo (Canada)
Holland Media House (Netherlands), First Choice (U.K), etc.);
Music (Arista Records,BMG, BMG Music Publishing, RCA Records, etc.);
Publishing (Books- Ballatine Publishing Group, Bantam Doubleday Dell, Bertelsmann Publishing Group, etc. Magazines - Gruner & Jahr
Child, Family Circle (majority owner), Fitness, etc.);

News flow, news values and newsworthiness
Galtung and Ruge (1965, 1973)
Theories relating to the importance of news stories relative to each other.
Proximity (“close to home” geographically, culturally)
Drama
Elite persons
Direct consequences (threshold)

News values - For a newsroom editor, which news stories have the highest ‘value’? Why?
Hollywood star in shark attack
Dog bites man
Man bites dog
Polar regions are melting
Extreme weather in US
Report - many politicians are corrupt
Politician pays prostitute - exclusive
Man eats his first pizza

Text & Speech

Perfect Public Speaker
No one can be a perfect speaker always;
When you make a mistake – keep going;
Visualization is good – when You see it, You can easily speak it;
Practice is the way to perfection and good impression;
Leave the audience “asking for more”.

4 Types of Speech Delivery
Impromptu (Think for a second about what you are going to say; Keep your points brief and to the point; Take a few seconds between thoughts to compose yourself)
Extemporaneous (This speech involves the speaker's use of notes and some embellishment to deliver a speech).
Manuscript (he speaker reads every word from a pre-written speech).
Memorized (rehearsed speech in advance).

How text can “speak”?

Text (and image) as complex set of signs
Media texts are complex and can be open to many different interpretations.
open texts: which have many meanings (depending on time, gender, race, politics, place, class, age and experience) - POLYSEMIC
or
closed texts: which encourage a speciffic meaning and permit little space for the reader to generate different interpretations - MONOSEMIC