Неличная Прямая Речь. Определение презентация

Definition
Represented speech –
a fusion of the author’s speech and the speech of one of the characters.
Несобственно-прямая речь –
это форма передачи чужой речи, сочетающая в себе элементы прямой и косвенной речи.

The morphological structure of Non-Personal Direct Speech:
the character is referred to
in the 3rd person;
the verbs and pronouns are
of the same form;
the Past Indefinite tense is used.

Features that distinguish
represented speech from the
author’s narration:
The use of interrogative and exclamatory sentences.
Elliptical, one-member sentences, aposiopesis, abrupt, broken, logically disconnected sentences, parcellation.
Repetitions of all kinds, parallel constructions.

Graphon
is the imitation of phonetic peculiarities of a character’s speech.
Граффон – стилистически релевантное искажение орфографической нормы, отражающее индивидуальные или диалектные нарушения нормы фонетической .

Cases of graphons:
The graphon th stands for the letter s – showing the speech of those who have a lisp (шепелявость):
E.g. Your thervant! Thith ith a bad pieth of buthineth…”
Ch. Dickens “Hard Times”
Dropping of H-s’: (cockney feature ) : ‘
E.g. ave (=have); ‘at (=hat); ‘is (=his); ‘ope (=hope)
The substitution of the diphthong [ai] for the diphthong [ei]:
E.g. Is that my wife? I see it is, from your fyce.
The tendency of turning th into d:
E.g. You know dat one Nigger dat belongs…

Two uneven groups of represented speech:
Represented inner speech expresses only thoughts of one of the personages which were not materialized in spoken or written language.
E.g. Over and over he was asking himself: would she receive him (or would she recognize him), what should he say to her…
Represented uttered speech used when the things are materialized and the words are said by somebody.
E.g. Is Irene at home? No, she was not. She went with Bosinney to have a look at a new building.

Stylistic Use of Phraseology:
Phraseological units

definition
Phraseological units
are all the blocks larger as one, the meaning of which isn’t equal to the sum of its components’ meanings but a result of their interaction.
Фразеологическая единица –
лексически неделимое, устойчивое в своем составе и структуре, целостное по значению словосочетание, воспроизводимое в виде готовой речевой единицы.

Intertextuality
It is connected with phraseology. You know, all the texts are created under the influence of other texts. When creating some new novel the author has a kind of discussion with previous writers. This gives a new depth to the novel.

A proverb
is a short, familiar, epigrammatic saying expressing popular wisdom or truth, or moral lesson in a concise imaginative way.
E.g. An Englishman’s house is his castle.
East or West – home is best.
Every cloud has a silver lining.

Saying
differs from a proverb. It is not expressed so completely as the proverb.
E.g. Tit for tat (око за око, зуб за зуб).
By hook or by crook (правдами и неправдами).
To beat about the bush (ходить вокруг да около).

Epigram
resembles a proverb, but it differs from it as well as saying. Epigram is always created by men of letters.
E.g. Sweet is revenge, especially to women. (Byron)
Mighty is he, who conquers himself. (W.S. Maugham)
Art is triumphant when it can use convention as an instrument of its purpose. (W.S. Maugham)

Allusion
is a reference to a well-known literary historical or mythological source.
E.g. It’s no use pretending that we are Romeo and Juliet.
It was our plan to make it a day just like Xmas or any big holiday.

Quotation
is a repetition of a phrase or a statement from a book, speech, and the like used by way of illustration, proof or speculation on the matter in question.
E.g. To be or not to be, that is the question! (Shakespeare)
Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. (Shakespeare)
To know that nothing could be known. (Socrates)

Paradox
is a statement which though it appears to be self-contradictory, nevertheless involves truth or, at least, an element of truth.
E.g. Loving hate, heavy lightness.
(Shakespeare)
Wine costs money, blood costs nothing.

violation of phraseological units
is such a phenomenon, when phraseological unit is treated as a free combination (that is, one of the parts may be substituted, or some other changes are to be allowed).

The types of decomposition or violation of phraseological units:
substitution of one word for another often antonymous to the first
extension or prolongation
reduction
cumulation of different phraseologisms
splitting of the phraseologisms and introducing some other element
E.g. While there’s life, there’s hope. While there’s death, there’s hope.
E.g. Familiarity breeds contempt, - and children.
E.g. a friend in need (is a friend indeed)
E.g. A bitch in time breeds contempt
E.g. A thing of beauty is a joy for ever – A thing of beauty you are not but perhaps you are a joy for ever.