Present Perfect Tense презентация

Perfect Verb Forms
Perfect verb forms are made with HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE
She has lost her memory. (simple present perfect)
They have been living in France for the last year. (present perfect progressive)
I told him that I had never heard of the place. (simple past perfect tense)
We will have finished by tomorrow afternoon. (simple future perfect)

Perfect Verb Forms- USE
A perfect verb form generally shows the time of an event as being earlier than some other time (past, present, future). It also shows how the speaker sees the event- perhaps as being connected to a later event, or as being completed by a certain time. (M. Swan: Practical English Usage, Second Edition, OUP, 1996).

The Simple Present Perfect Tense
Affirmative auxiliary HAVE and PAST PARTICIPLE
I have worked- He has worked
Interrogative
Inversion: Have I worked? Has it worked?
Negative
I have not worked. She hasn´t worked.

The Simple Present Perfect Tense- USE
Finished events connected with the present
I can´t go on holiday because I have broken my leg.
Some fool has let the cat in.
2. Finished events NEWS
There has been an explosion at Edinburgh Castle.

The Simple Present Perfect Tense- USE
3. Finished events with expression of ´time up to now´( ever, before, never, yet, already)
I´m sure we´ve met before.
Has Ben come yet?
4. Repetition and continuation to now (since, for)
I´ve written six letters since lunchtime. We´ve always lived here. I´ve studied hard for years.

The Simple Present Perfect Tense- USE
5. Time not mentioned
Have you ever seen Hamlet? You´ve done a lot for me.
BUT We use the past simple tense with expressions of finished time.
Tom was ill last week. She died three years ago.
6. Ordinal numbers, superlatives, experience
That´s the third cake you´ve eaten this morning.
It´s one of the most interesting books I´ve ever read.

The Simple Present Perfect Tense- USE
7. In American English the simple past is often used to give news.
Did you hear? Switzerland declared war on Mongolia.
Lucy just called.
Did you eat already?

The Present Perfect progressive Tense
Affirmative
I have been working. It has been working.
Interrogative
Have you been working?
Negative
We haven´t been working.

The Present Perfect progressive Tense- USE
Situations which started in the past and are still going on, or which have just stopped and have present results
You look hot. Yes, I´ve been running.
Sorry, I´m late. Have you been waiting long?
2. Situations which are just coming to an end or may change, or when we are talking about how long a situation has lasted- Up to now focus

The Present Perfect progressive Tense- USE
How long have you been learning English?
It´s been raining since Christmas.
3. Continuous, extended activity (not necessarily finished)
I must have a bath. I´ve been gardening all afternoon.
Sorry about the mess- I´ve been painting the house (focus on continuous activity)
I´ve painted two rooms since lunchtime. (focus on completion)

The Present Perfect progressive Tense- USE
4. More temporary actions and situations
When we talk about longer-lasting or permanent situations we often prefer the simple present perfect.
That man has been standing on the corner all day.
For 900 years the castle has stood on the hill above the village.