Problems of sport of XXI centuries презентация

Doping - it's drugs, which are used by athletes to artificially forced improve efficiency during the training process and competitive activities.

Types of doping
Stimulants (central nervous system stimulants, sympathomimetics, analeptics) - Drugs (narcotic analgetics)
- Anabolic steroids and other hormonal anabolic agent
- Doping methods (various manipulations with blood and urine)
- Pharmacological means of limited use
- Alcohol
- diuretics
- corticosteroids

Stimulants
According to the medical definition, stimulants are substances that increase the functionality of the body, in connection with which any pharmacological substance having such a property is of interest to athletes, as it may be an effective ergogenic agent

Drugs, alcohol
means reducing muscle tremor (shake the limbs), improving coordination: beta-blockers, alcohol;

Anabolic steroid
One of the most popular groups of doping agents are anabolic-androgenic steroids (anabolic steroids). This synthetic derivatives of the natural male sex hormone testosterone. The effect of these agents on the body in two ways: on the one hand, they promote the absorption of protein, muscle building, the development of the male body; on the other - the development of male sexual characteristics (androgenic effect, or masculinization).

Diuretics
Diuretics - is, for example, furosemide, chlorthalidone, amiloride, acetazolamide. In sports, they are used for three reasons. In those species where there are weight categories, diuretics help to quickly reduce body weight. Diuretics also help improve the appearance of gymnastics, figure skating or bodyfitness. Dehydration contributes to giving the muscles emphasize the shape

The use of doping in sports related 1. The speed-power types: weightlifting, throwing, bodybuilding, sprint in athletics, swimming, skating, skiing. Anabolic steroids, growth hormone, gonadotro-ping, amphetamines, diuretics and others. Abrupt changes: metabolism, hormonal, masculinization of women and men virilization.
2. Sports with primary display of endurance, cyclic sports: running, swimming, skiing, cycling races, speed skating (long distance). Anabolic steroids, growth hormone, gonadotropin, blood doping, and other stimulants. The loss of orientation and consciousness, deaths, violations of the hormonal status, etc.

3. Game types: football, basketball, rugby, baseball, hockey, and hockey, golf and others. Alcohol, cocaine, heroin, amphetamines, marijuana and others.
Death, loss of consciousness, toxic effects.
4. Difficult coordinating sports: high jump, diving, figure skating, gymnastics, fencing, etc. Alcohol, narcotic analgesics, tranquilizers, beta blockers, etc Drug addiction, alcoholism, etc.
5. Martial arts: all forms of wrestling, Boxing, martial arts, etc. of Narcotic analgesics, marijuana, alcohol.

Doping control
The modern concept in the fight against doping in elite sport, see the Anti-Doping Code of WADA (World Anti-Doping Agency, founded on the initiative of the International Olympic Committee - IOC). WADA annually publishes a list of banned drugs to athletes and new versions of the so-called standards: International Standard for Laboratories, International Standard for Testing and the international standard for the design of therapeutic exemptions

Fight against a dope
At serious national and international competitions the drug test not only prize-winners, but also all participants is carried out. Mobile laboratories of a drug test are present at all competitions. In the majority of sports the established doping involves disqualification for 2 years, and repeated — for 4 years or even forever

Currently, the concept of sport and doping have become inseparable. Doping is not the opening of the twentieth century. Doping appeared as soon as a sport. It is in the nature of man - to try to beat the opponent to be the winner at any cost, often at the expense of their own health.

New records, toughening of requirements, growth of intensity in sport of competitive and training loads gradually lead athletes to a limit of their physical capacities. As a result the ambitious, striving for the best results professionals, often have a need for some additional power source. From there is a need for doping.

Historians consider that use of a dope during the Olympic Games began since the day of foundation of competitions in 776 g BC. Participants of games accepted hallucinogenic and soothing mushrooms, various herbs and wine extracts. Today these preparations would be forbidden, however in the ancient time, and even after revival of the Olympic Games in 1896, to athletes wasn't forbidden to use medicine which would help them to win. By the time of the first modern Olympic Games in 1896 athletes possessed a wide arsenal of means of pharmacological support, from codeine to strychnine (which is a powerful stimulator in the okolosmertelnykh doses).

Using different kinds of stimulants to enhance physical and mental health was noted in antiquity. So in the II century BC Greek athletes before competition took protein, sesame seeds, some types of psychotropic mushrooms, not to feel fatigue and pain.

Athletes too keen thirst for victory, forgetting about the danger that a black cloud hanging over their lives. Those who do not hope for themselves and trying to somehow spur yourself, sometimes do not realize that it is not only unfair and unsportsmanlike, but, first of all, it is dangerous to health.

The last 10-15 years are characterized by the introduction of the sports field in pharmaceutical preparations (doping). Such drugs are spreading among children in youth sports sections, and among professional athletes.
Now there is an active search for "miracle" drugs that will bring an athlete to a whole new level, and, as soon as possible.The need for such tools has arisen because of the overload of athletes who have brought the possibility of a person to the ultimate level.

Influence of doping preparations on a human body the very ambiguous.
On the one hand, they stimulate the nervous and physical activity of the person, so sports results can be fantastic.
On the other hand, doping - is like a drug. So, can not but have a bad influence on the body. The number of deaths in recent years due to the acceptance of doping has increased dramatically.

Among physicians, trainers and scientists have different opinions about solving the problem of doping
Some of them believe that the athlete should have the freedom to choose or not to accept doping. He must be well informed about the drug and its effect on the body.
Others say a total ban on doping, as a stimulant, and strictly punish those who do not cease to apply.