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- 2. What is Biophysics? It is neither “physics for biologists”, nor “physical methods applied to biology” It
- 3. Intersection (not union) of Biology, Physics and: Computer-Science & Math Genomics & Systems Biology, Ecology, Society,
- 4. The purpose of the course: A concise review of MAJOR CONCEPTS OF SELECTED TOPICS in BIOPHYSICS,
- 5. Biological Membrane Highly organized anisotropic structure Relationship STRUCTURE-FUNCTION are central to biophysics
- 6. William Thomson (Lord Kelvin) ”I often say that when you can measure what you are speaking
- 7. Charles Darwin “I have deeply regretted that I did not proceed far enough at least to
- 8. Why we should care about the numbers in biology? The importance of biological numeracy centers on
- 9. Examples of problems to solve: How brain processes and stores information? How the heart pumps blood?
- 10. What is the goal of biophysics? (1) create simplified models (2) make quantitative predictions (3) Experimentally
- 11. . Most of what we know in Physics has been derived from experience with the inanimate
- 12. Why Model? To understand biological/chemical data. (& design useful modifications) To share data we need to
- 14. What are biophysicts study? (Heidelberg) Collective cell migration (Spatz)- is the process of several cells migrating
- 15. The primary objective of the program is to educate and train individuals with this background to
- 16. Divisions of Biophysics: Molecular biophysics Biomechanics Membrane Biophysics Bio-electrochemistry Environmental Biophysics Theoretical Biophysics Biophysical Techniques (general,
- 17. HOW: Biophysical techniques and applications
- 18. Engine of discovery:Biophysical techniques and applications
- 19. Biophysical techniques and applications
- 20. History: First “Biophysicists” Heraclitus 5th century B.C. – earliest mechanistic theories of life processes, insight into
- 21. Epicurus 3rd century B.C. – atom. Living organisms follow the same laws as non-living objects. Galen
- 22. Giovanni Alfonso Borelli 17th century- related animals to machines and utilized mathematics to prove his theories.
- 23. Luigi Galvani / Alessandro Volta Bio-electrochemistry 18th (1771) Galvani touched frog nerve with charged scalpel. Signal
- 24. Electric circuit = two different metals + sciatic nerve of the frog Nerve of the frog's
- 25. OFFICIAL BIRTH OF BIOPHYSICS
- 26. Optical aspects of the human eye Theory of hearing Brown’s motion Osmotic process Nonequilibrium thermodynamics Discovery
- 27. The major advance in understanding the nature of gene mutation and gene structure. The work was
- 28. . Quantitative definition of life? Probability of replication … simple in, complex out (in a specific
- 29. Schroedinger cat
- 31. In order to function: All groups of living organisms on Earth share several key characteristics: Order;
- 32. Are viruses alive?? (computer & biological viral codes) Computer viruses & hacks : over $3 trillion/year
- 33. Concept Computers Organisms Instructions Program Genome Bits 0,1 a,c,g,t Stable memory Disk,tape DNA Active memory RAM
- 34. Self-compiling & self-assembling Complementary surfaces Watson-Crick base pair (Nature April 25, 1953) MC. Escher
- 35. . Minimal Life: Self-assembly, Catalysis, Replication, Mutation, Selection Cell boundary
- 36. / Replicator diversity DNA Protein Growth rate Polymers: Initiate, Elongate, Terminate, Fold, Modify, Localize, Degrade Self-assembly,
- 37. . Maximal Life: DNA Protein Growth rate Expression Interactions Polymers: Initiate, Elongate, Terminate, Fold, Modify, Localize,
- 38. Types of Systems Interaction Models Quantum Electrodynamics subatomic Quantum mechanics electron clouds Molecular mechanics spherical atoms
- 39. . Integrate : Optimal BioSystems Elements of Life-Molecules & Purification Systems Biology & Applications of Models
- 40. From atoms to (bio)molecules H2O H2 , O2 H+ , OH- CH4 C60 CO3- NH3 N2
- 41. STEP 1: Purify Elements, molecules, assemblies, organelles, cells, organisms chromatography Clonal growth
- 42. . Pre 1970s: Column/gel purification revolution Mid-1970s: Recombinant DNA brings clonal (single-step) purity. 1984-Now: Sequencing genomes
- 43. . Integrate : Optimal BioSystems Elements of Life-Molecules & Purification ---Systems Biology & Applications of Models
- 44. . Why Genomes & Systems? #0. Why sequence the genome(s)? To allow #1,2,3 below. #1. Why
- 45. . Number of component types (estimate) M.gen Worm Human Bases .58M >97M 3000M DNAs 1 7
- 46. . Glycine Gly G The simplest amino acid component of proteins config(glycine,[ substituent(aminoacid_L_backbone), substituent(hyd), linkage(from(aminoacid_L_backbone,car(1)), to(hyd,hyd(1)),
- 47. . 20 Amino acids of 280 T
- 48. . Some Grand (& useful) Challenges A) From atoms to evolving minigenome-cells. Improve in vitro macromolecular
- 49. . Continuity of Life & Central Dogma DNA Protein Growth rate Expression Interactions Polymers: Initiate, Elongate,
- 50. . "The" Genetic Code M Adjacent mRNA codons F 3’ uac 5'... aug 3’aag uuu ...
- 51. . Translation t-,m-,r-RNA Ban N, et al. 1999 Nature. 400:841-7. Large macromolecular complexes: Ribosome: 3 RNAs
- 52. . How many living species? 5000 bacterial species per gram of soil ( Currently: 8,7 million
- 53. . Continuity & Diversity of life
- 54. 2nd law of thermodynamic - in isolated system molecular disorder never decreases spontaneously. Question: why Earth
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