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- 2. The peculiar features of the New Age philosophy Many things had occurred in the intellectual, religious,
- 3. The peculiar features of the New Age philosophy The medieval view of the world as created
- 4. The peculiar features of the New Age philosophy The aim of human life was no longer
- 5. The dispute between empiricism and rationalism Empiricism. (Fr. Bacon, Th. Hobbes, J. Locke) The main source
- 6. Sir Francis Bacon (1561-1626) and the renewal of Philosophy
- 7. Important Baconian ideas: Reliance on the evidence of the senses and instruments (e.g. telescope, microscope); Progress
- 8. Bacon’s Life Son of an important official in the government of Elizabeth I and a very
- 9. Bacon’s Major Works 1594 Essays 1605 Advancement of Learning: blueprint for how to improve learning in
- 10. F. Bacon Bacon's philosophy emphasized the belief that people are the servants and interpreters of nature,
- 11. Bacon’s “idols” The nature interpretation is possible, but there are a lot of obstacles on its
- 12. Idols of the tribe (all humans): they are the property of all humans due to common
- 13. Idols of the cave (particular mentality of each person): the peculiar possession of the individual. These
- 14. Idols of the market-place (deficiencies of language): they arise from too great a dependence on language
- 15. Idols of the theatre Those arised from tradition. How many philosophical systems were represented in the
- 16. Bacon’s ways of the nature interpretation The way of the spider – the attempt to find
- 17. Rene Descartes (1596-1650) Rene Descartes is the founder of rationalism. He attempted to apply the rational
- 19. Rene Descartes The single sure fact from which his investigations began was expressed by him in
- 20. Cartesian Dualism The Body as Mechanism The spiritual part of man is his mind, his soul.
- 21. In Cartesian physiology, movements of bodies are purely mechanical: “All the movements of the muscles and
- 22. Descartes--Four Rules of Logic Never to accept anything as true which I did not clearly and
- 23. Descartes--First Principle of his Philosophy Perhaps we are simply minds in a vat controlled by some
- 24. Benedict Spinoza (1632-1677) According to this treatise the universe is identical with God, who is the
- 25. G.W. Leibniz (1646-1716) The universe is composed of countless conscious centers of spiritual force or energy,
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