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- 2. 2.1. Context and rationale of spatial data development 2.1.1. Spatial data development in the times of
- 3. 4) Maps: – Were not necessarily a consumer product; – But were considered part of the
- 4. 6) Such applications did not vary much across borders, and therefore a similar range of products
- 5. 7) National interoperability was achieved: – Other mapping products and projects would use mentioned main ‘basic
- 6. 2.1.2. Spatial data development in the times of GIS technology: 1) The old 'mapping monopoly' was
- 7. 3) However: a) The overall cost of developing geospatial data required to support GIS applications remains
- 8. 4) These problems arise from the fact that existing geospatial data sets have been poorly documented
- 9. 5) As a result, the new era of GIS is still characterized by: a) Many actors
- 10. 2.2. Development of consistent reusable themes of base cartographic content for SDI 1. The development of
- 11. 2. Such themes are known as Framework, Fundamental, Foundation, or Core data etc.; 3. Sometimes they
- 12. 4. Sometimes 4 separate terms are used such as: a) Reference data; b) Core data; c)
- 13. 2.2.1. Reference data 1. For cartographers: 1) The primary reference for cartographers is the geodetic and
- 14. 2. For GI users: 1) The ‘reference’ of the GI user is generally more closely related
- 15. 2.2.2. Core data 1. On the one hand: – The core data may be also considered
- 16. 2. On another hand we'll use more accurate approach, according to which: a) Core data –
- 17. 3. The concept of the ‘core data’ is one instrumentality to help improving spatial data interoperability:
- 18. 4. The concept of the core data aims at sharing the core data sets between users
- 19. 5. Core data: 1) Have to be used as a rule in a global or at
- 20. e) The Global Map could be considered as an initial implementation of the concept of a
- 21. 2.2.3. Framework data 1. At the national level, common spatial data are often defined through community
- 22. 3. The framework data’s key aspects are: a) Specific layers of digital geographic data with content
- 23. 5. Fundamental Data are: a) A dataset for which several government agencies, regional groups and/or industry
- 24. 7. Leverages of framework data development: 1) Aspects of such problem: a) Thousands of organizations spend
- 25. 8. Actors in framework data development: 1) Users and producers of detailed data, such as utilities;
- 26. 6) Service providers who offer: a) System development; b) Database development; c) Operations support; d) Consulting
- 27. 2.3. Implementation approach for spatial data development concerning SDI 1. The ISO TC 211 Geomatics standardization
- 28. 3. ISO 19109: 1) The scope is defined as "… the rules for defining an application
- 29. Notes. 1. Unified Modeling Language (UML) – a schema language that is used to develop computer-interpretable
- 30. 4. ISO 19110: 1) Standard proposes a feature cataloguing methodology; 2) It is intended to define
- 31. 5. Several national projects have been undertaken to build standardized framework data content and/or encoding: 1)
- 32. 2.4. Candidate national framework data categories 1. A variable number of data layers may be considered
- 33. Note. Orthoimagery – aerial photography from which distortion and ground relief has been removed so that
- 34. 3. The Global Mapping Project, also known as Global Map: 1) Is addressing the compilation of
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