The Renaissance презентация

The Revival of learning
The Renaissance
=

lasted from the 15th till the 17th century

!!!
the period when European culture reached the highest level of its development

It's the epoch of the revival of interest in ancient Greek and Roman culture, art and literature

intellect, experience, science
HUMANISM

Sir Thomas More (1478-1535)

an English lawyer
social philosopher
author
statesman
noted Renaissance humanist

born in London
educated at Oxford
a lawyer and became a member of Parliament
was a Catholic, but fought against the Pope and the king's absolute power
was thrown into the Tower of London and beheaded there as a traitor

political essay "Utopia"
illustration for the 1516
first edition of Utopia

2 parts
a description of the author's imaginary conversation with a traveller Raphael Hythloday
deals with Hythloday's ideas of England: its political and social evils, laws, etc
shows an unknown land Utopia which he has seen in an unknown sea
1st part
2nd part

It is an ideal republic where the top priority of everyone is being healthy and wise but not rich

The book was especially popular with the 19th century socialists

Francis Bacon (1561-1626)

English philosopher
statesman
scientist
orator
essayist

scientific rationalism
the purpose of knowledge was "the benefit and use of man", and the method proposed was a "laborious and sober inquiry of truth"

Most of his philosophy was written in Latin – in the belief that it would remain the language of international learning forever. But his essays, written in an aphoristic style were written in English
ENGLISH vs. LATIN
?

“The Advancement of learning” (published in 1605 in English)
was addressed to king James I

The rise in his career was very rapid (he entered Parliament in 1584), but although he advocated truth and virtue, his public life came to an end after he was charged with taking bribes when he was a judge.

Style
impresses with its logic and sense of confidence
Bacon manages to reduce the complex area of human relations to a neat, schematic generalisation.

Roger Ascham (1515-1568)

one of the most
likeable
of the early
humanists
Queen Elizabeth I's
tutor

best known for his enlightened book on education, “The Schoolmaster”
Style
formal, without being oppressively
elaborate

Queen Elizabeth I (1558-1603)

received a broad, humanist education under the tutelage of Cambridge scholars
became proficient in French, Italian, Latin, and Greek

received a broad, humanist education under the tutelage of Cambridge scholars
became proficient in French, Italian, Latin, and Greek
her love of literature, music, drama and dancing stayed with her until her death, and she left behind several poems as well as translations of Greek and Latin works

Women writers
increase in the numbers of women writers
(over one hundred works were composed or translated by Englishwomen between 1500 and 1640)
prose narratives, poetry, prayers, essays,
confessions, diaries, letters, prefaces, and translations
subjects: religion, motherhood, social commentary

Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503-1542)

a popular member of the court of
Henry VIII
(1509-1547)

twice arrested
in 1536 with the fall of
Anne Boleyn
(Henry's second queen)
2) in 1541 with the fall of his
patron,Thomas Cromwell

Style
much influenced by Italian verse forms
- direct and personal as though the "voice" of the poem was not only that of a "dramatic persona"
- modern critics argue that T.Waytt's rhythms are deliberately rough: they give the poem's dramatic impact.

None of his poems had been published in his lifetime (except few entitled “The Court of Venus”).
His first published work was “Certain Psalms” (1594).
It wasn't until 1557, 15 years after T.Wyatt's death, that a number of his poems appeared.
Until modern times it was called simply “Songs and Sonnets”.
The rest of T.Wyatt's poetry, lyrics, and satires remained in manuscript until the 19th and 20th centuries "rediscovered" them.

NB:
T.Wyatt is usually credited with introducing the love sonnet form into England.

Sir Philip Sidney (1554-1586)

one of the finest of the
Elizabethan sonnet cycles,
“Astrophel and Stella”(1591)

“An Apology for Poetry” (published as “A Defense of Poetry”) was written in 1579

None of P.Sidney's works were published in his lifetime as he wrote for his own amusement and that of his friends and family.
Despite that much of his poetry was distributed in manuscript form and some of his works were widely know within certain circles.

Edmund Spenser (1552-1599)

E.Spenser is rather unfashionable nowadays but in his days he was thought to be the greatest English poet since G.Chauser and equal of the great classical epic poets

‘the prince of poets’

“The Shepheard's Calender”(1579),
verse dialogues in a rural setting, a mixture of nature songs, satires, laments and praise of Queen Elizabeth
“The Faerie Queene” (1589-1596),
an unfinished allegorical romance combining the medieval Arthurial legend with religious and Platonic idealism and political commentary
“Amoretti”(1595)
love sonnets in honour of his bride, Elizabeth Boyle.

Christopher Marlowe (1564-1593)

Despite his classical learning, Ch.Marlow is thought to have been a man of violent, and at times, criminal temperament.
In fact he lost his life in a quarrel over a bill in a tavern.

Style
His plays are powerful, intense and frequently lyrical.