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- Language in perspective. Structural notions in linguistics
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- 2. The purpose of language This is primarily functional, language is used to convey information or to
- 3. Defining language - Language is a system of communication - It involves sounds with arbitrary symbolic
- 4. Language is a system of communication This fact is fairly obvious. Despite the secondary functions to
- 5. Language is stimulus-free As opposed to most animal communication systems, human language does not need a
- 6. Language is structure-dependent Language does not consist of a string of random elements. The elements of
- 7. The relationship of words to concepts/objects language is arbitrary We should understand that the word ‘arbitrary’
- 8. Language shows duality of structure One of the major principles in the organization of language is
- 9. Language consists of discrete elements The sounds of a language must be kept apart clearly, that
- 10. Language is productive The number of utterances one can make in a language is not limited.
- 11. Language reflects reality By and large it is true to say that languages have words for
- 12. Correct language There is no such thing as correct language in any absolute sense as language
- 13. Primitive languages A frequent belief among non linguists is that some languages are more primitive than
- 14. Languages should be logical One should not expect languages to be logical in any strict sense.
- 15. Written language is superior to spoken language This is another common misconception about language. For social
- 16. The goal of linguistics There is a common view that the purpose of linguistics is to
- 17. Linguistic terminology The study of linguistics involves learning a whole series of new terms. Indeed the
- 18. Structural notions in linguistics The study of linguistics has two main aspects. Firstly, it is an
- 19. Closed class This refers to those elements or forms in a language which are limited in
- 20. Characteristics of closed classes 1) small number of units 2) poly functional 3) acquired in early
- 21. Open class This is a group of elements which can change in size, by adding new
- 23. Скачать презентацию
Слайд 2The purpose of language
This is primarily functional, language is used to convey
The purpose of language
This is primarily functional, language is used to convey
Слайд 3Defining language
- Language is a system of communication
- It involves sounds with arbitrary
Defining language
- Language is a system of communication
- It involves sounds with arbitrary
- It is used by humans
- It is a rule-governed system which is open-ended
Слайд 4Language is a system of communication
This fact is fairly obvious. Despite the
Language is a system of communication
This fact is fairly obvious. Despite the
Слайд 5Language is stimulus-free
As opposed to most animal communication systems, human language does
Language is stimulus-free
As opposed to most animal communication systems, human language does
Слайд 6Language is structure-dependent
Language does not consist of a string of random elements.
Language is structure-dependent
Language does not consist of a string of random elements.
Слайд 7The relationship of words to concepts/objects language is arbitrary
We should understand that the
The relationship of words to concepts/objects language is arbitrary
We should understand that the
Слайд 8Language shows duality of structure
One of the major principles in the organization
Language shows duality of structure
One of the major principles in the organization
Слайд 9Language consists of discrete elements
The sounds of a language must be kept
Language consists of discrete elements
The sounds of a language must be kept
Discreteness requires that one has an exact realization of each sound in the language variety which one speaks. This is the essential difference between noise and the sounds of human language. Noise can vary at random but sounds of language must hit their target closely otherwise they are in danger of being confused.
Слайд 10Language is productive
The number of utterances one can make in a language
Language is productive
The number of utterances one can make in a language
Слайд 11Language reflects reality
By and large it is true to say that languages
Language reflects reality
By and large it is true to say that languages
For instance, English has a special word for thumb, the finger on the inside of the hand which is at a slightly different angle from the others. But the equivalent on our feet, the big toe, does not have a special word for it. One could say that one uses one’s thumb more and one sees it more often and so there is a separate word for it. But not all languages work like that.
Слайд 12Correct language
There is no such thing as correct language in any absolute
Correct language
There is no such thing as correct language in any absolute
Слайд 13Primitive languages
A frequent belief among non linguists is that some languages are
Primitive languages
A frequent belief among non linguists is that some languages are
Слайд 14Languages should be logical
One should not expect languages to be logical in
Languages should be logical
One should not expect languages to be logical in
Слайд 15Written language is superior to spoken language
This is another common misconception about
Written language is superior to spoken language
This is another common misconception about
Слайд 16The goal of linguistics
There is a common view that the purpose of
The goal of linguistics
There is a common view that the purpose of
Слайд 17Linguistic terminology
The study of linguistics involves learning a whole series of new
Linguistic terminology
The study of linguistics involves learning a whole series of new
Слайд 18Structural notions in linguistics
The study of linguistics has two main aspects. Firstly, it
Structural notions in linguistics
The study of linguistics has two main aspects. Firstly, it
Слайд 19Closed class
This refers to those elements or forms in a language which
Closed class
This refers to those elements or forms in a language which
Слайд 20Characteristics of closed classes
1) small number of units
2) poly functional
3) acquired in early
Characteristics of closed classes
1) small number of units
2) poly functional
3) acquired in early
4) low or non-existent awareness for lay speakers
Слайд 21Open class
This is a group of elements which can change in size,
Open class
This is a group of elements which can change in size,