Sexually transmitted bacterial diseases презентация

PLAN
Morphology
Culture
Antigenic structure
Virulence factors
Pathogenesis
Immunity
Clinical syndromes
Epidemiology
Laboratory diagnosis
Treatment
Prevention

A 28-year-old hair dresser complained of a painless small ulcer on the penis during the last 2 weeks. When asked, he said he had repeated sexual relation with a female sexual worker approximately many months back. On examination, the pus exudate from the smear did not reveal any Treponema. Serum sample was found to be positive for syphilis by the VDRL test. ELISA for HIV was negative

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM: MORPHOLOGY

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM : ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE
Cardiolipin antigen
T. pallidum group-specific antigen
T. pallidum species-specific antigen

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM : VIRULENCE FACTORS

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM : PATHOGENESIS

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM : CLINICAL SYNDROMES
Venereal syphilis (transmitted by sexual contact)
Nonvenereal syphilis (congenital syphilis and occupational syphilis)

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM : EPIDEMIOLOGY

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM : LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
Microscopy
Direct antigen detection
Serodiagnosis:
Nontreponemal tests (standard tests of syphilis: STS):
Wasserman complement fixation test
Kahn’s tube flocculation test
VDRL test
Rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test
Treponema-specific tests:
T. pallidum immobilization test
T. pallidum agglutination test
T. pallidum immune adherence test
Fluorescent treponemal antibody test
TPHA test
Enzyme immunoassay

TREPONEMA PALLIDUM : LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS

A 6-year-old boy attended the Ophthalmology OPD with symptoms of conjunctivitis of the right eye. Examination showed follicular hypertrophy with diffuse inflammation that had affected the entire conjunctiva along with pannus formation. Iodine staining of conjunctival scrapings demonstrated inclusion bodies of Chlamydia trachomatis. The condition was diagnosed as trachoma.

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS: MORPHOLOGY

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS: CULTURE

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS: ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE
Genus-specific antigen
Species-specific antigen
Serotype-specific antigen
Typing of species
trachoma biovar causing trachoma and inclusion conjunctivitis (TRIC) – 13 serotypes,
lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) biovar causing LGV – 5 serotypes, and
serovars causing mouse pneumonitis

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS: VIRULENCE FACTORS
The ability to multiply intracellularly in the infected cell is the key mechanism of virulence of C. trachomatis.
The bacteria prevent fusion of phagolysosome with cellular liposomes, thereby preventing intracellular killing of the bacteria by the host cell.
Repeated infections caused by C. trachomatis contribute to pathology seen in the infected eye in trachoma.

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS: PATHOGENESIS

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS: CLINICAL SYNDROMES
Lymphogranuloma venereum
Ocular LGV
Trachoma
Adult inclusion conjunctivitis
Neonatal conjunctivitis
Infant pneumonia
Urogenital infections

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS: CLINICAL SYNDROMES

CHLAMYDIA TRACHOMATIS: LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
Microscopy
Culture
Antigen detection
Serodiagnosis
Frei’s skin test

A 22-year-old female complained of lower abdominal pain on and off for the last 3 months. She complained of a feeling of heaviness in the pelvis and pain during sexual intercourse. On examination, a tender mass was found to the right side during examination. Gram staining of cervical swab showed plenty of pus cells and a few Gram-negative cocci. She gave a history of allergy to penicillins.

NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE: MORPHOLOGY

NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE: CULTURE

NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE: VIRULENCE FACTORS

NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE: PATHOGENESIS

NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE: CLINICAL SYNDROMES
gonorrhea,
disseminated gonococcal infections (DGI),
ophthalmia neonatorum, and
other gonococcal diseases

NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE: LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
Microscopy
Culture
Antigen detection
SerodiagnosiS

NEISSERIA GONORRHOEAE: CLINICAL SYNDROMES
gonorrhea,
disseminated gonococcal infections (DGI),
ophthalmia neonatorum, and
other gonococcal diseases