Слайд 2
![DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS According to the type of obstruction](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-1.jpg)
DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS
According to the type of obstruction consonants
are divided into occlusive and constrictive. Occlusive consonants may be noise consonants and sonorants.
According to the manner of noise production occlusive noise consonants are divided into plosive consonants and affricates.
Слайд 3
![DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS Constrictive consonants are produced with an](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-2.jpg)
DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS
Constrictive consonants are produced with an incomplete
obstruction and may be fricatives and sonorants.
According to the place of obstruction consonants are divided into labial, lingual and glottal.
Слайд 4
![DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS According to the work of vocal](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-3.jpg)
DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS
According to the work of vocal cords
and the force of articulation consonants are divided into voiced and voiceless.
OE consonants may be short and long.
Слайд 5
![DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-4.jpg)
DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS
Слайд 6
![DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-5.jpg)
DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS
Слайд 7
![DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-6.jpg)
DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS
Слайд 8
![DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS Sonorants m, n, r, l, w, j.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-7.jpg)
DIVISION OF OE CONSONANTS
Sonorants m, n, r, l, w, j.
Слайд 9
![WEST GERMANIC GEMINATION (LENGTHENING) OF CONSONANTS In WG languages all](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-8.jpg)
WEST GERMANIC GEMINATION (LENGTHENING) OF CONSONANTS
In WG languages all consonants
but r lengthened after a short stressed vowel before /j/. The letter was doubled in writing.
E.g. OE * fuljan > fyllan “to fill”
OE *sætjan > settan “to set”
Слайд 10
![VELAR CONSONANTS The velar consonants /k, g, X, ץ/ were](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-9.jpg)
VELAR CONSONANTS
The velar consonants /k, g, X, ץ/ were palatalised
before and sometimes after a front vowel, e.g. OE cild [k’ild]. At the end of the OE period the palatal consonants developed into sibilants and affricates, e.g. cild [k’ild] > [t∫ild], scip [sk’ip] > [∫ip].
Слайд 11
![FRICATIVES The labial and forelingual fricatives were as voiced or](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-10.jpg)
FRICATIVES
The labial and forelingual fricatives were as voiced or voiceless
in accordance with their position in the word. In the initial or final position they were pronounced as voiceless (f, θ, s); between vowels they were pronounced as voiced (v, ð, z). The letter f denoted /f/ and /v/, s - /s/ and /z/, þ - /θ/ and /ð/, e.g. wīf, wīfes.
Слайд 12
![The letter g was pronounced as /g/ after n and](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-11.jpg)
The letter g was pronounced as /g/ after n and
at the beginning of the word before consonants and back vowels, e.g. singan, gōd. It was pronounced as /ץ/ after back vowels and after l and r, e.g. dagas, sorg.
It was pronounced as /j/ before front vowels at the beginning of the word and after front vowels at the end of the word, e.g. dæg, gear.
Слайд 13
![LOSS OF CONSONANTS Nasal sonorants were lost before fricatives, e.g.](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-12.jpg)
LOSS OF CONSONANTS
Nasal sonorants were lost before fricatives, e.g. OHG
fimf - OE fīf, Goth uns, OHG uns – OE us.
Слайд 14
![CHANGES OF CONSONANTS In a cluster of two consonants ending](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-13.jpg)
CHANGES OF CONSONANTS
In a cluster of two consonants ending in
t a preceding changes its pronunciation.
A velar consonant +t > ht, e.g. sēcan “to seek” – sōhte (past), tæcean “to teach” – tāhte (past).
A velar consonant +t > ft, e.g. /leven/ - laft.
A dental consonant + t > ss, e.g. witan – wisse.
Слайд 15
![CHANGES OF CONSONANTS The clusters fm, fn > mm, mn,](/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/253819/slide-14.jpg)
CHANGES OF CONSONANTS
The clusters fm, fn > mm, mn, e.g.
stefn > stemn “voice”, wifman > wimman.
The cluster dþ > t in the 3d person singular, present indicative, e.g. bindþ > bint.