Realization of the project Development of foreign language competence of TSU students 2016-2018 презентация

You should put an article before most nouns. If you don’t use an article there should be a reason why.
You NEVER put an article before a noun if there is
1) possessive or demonstrative pronoun before the noun
Eg. My friend / That friend
2) another noun in the possessive case
Eg. My friend’s house
3) numeral
I have two brothers
I have many friends
4) no
No boys are allowed

ARTICLES
Indefinite article
Definite article

INDEFINITE ARTICLES
A & AN
A is used before nouns which begin with Consonants
A book, a girl, a sweet
Also A is used before U and EU
A university, a European city
AN is used before nouns which begin with vowels
An apple, an interesting film
AN is used before H when the sound is silent
An hour

A & THE
Mary: I bought a CD player and a TV yesterday.
Fred: Was the CD player expensive?
A & AN are used when we mention smth for the first time
THE is used when we mention a person or a thing again

Упражнение 2
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. Не hasn't got ... car. But he's got ... comput­er. ... computer is new. 2. My ... friends have got ... cat and ... dog. ... dog never bites ... cat. 3. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 4. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 5. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 6. Our ... room is large. 7. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 8. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 9. Last year I gave my ... mother ... bracelet for her ... birthday. She liked ... bracelet. 10. My ... brother's ... friend has no ... dog. 11. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 12. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 13. I got ... letter from my ... friend yester­day. ... letter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at ... hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at ... hotel and sometimes in ... restau­rant. 15. I've got ... idea. 16. What ... shame.

INDEFINITE ARTICLE
IS USED WITH
Countable nouns, sg.
E.g. This is a book.

DEFINITE ARTICLE IS USED WITH
Countable nouns & uncountable nouns
Sg. & pl.
This is meat. The meat is fresh.
(uncount.)
These are books. The books are good.
(count., pl.)

Упражнение 3
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pen­cils. ..the. pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ...the soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is the... book interesting? 8. Do you need .a.. camera? 9. He never eats ... meat, he always eats ... vegetables, ... cereals, ... seeds, ... fruit, and ... nuts. He is ... ve­getarian. 10. This is ... pineapple. ... pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, ... apples are good for you!
My ... cousin is upset. He's got ... sore throat.
This is .-.. cottage cheese. ... cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought ... meat, ... butter and ... po­tatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea.
15. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 16. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sister's ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow.
Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется:
at • school at s home at • work

If there is an attribute before the noun, the attribute goes between the article and the noun
• E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.
These are books. These are interesting books.
Упражнение 5
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny of­ten tells us ... long ... interesting ... stories. 3. My
... father is ... engineer. He works at ... factory. ... factory is large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ... hospital. She is at ... work now. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not at ... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has ... big ... black ... cat. My cousin's ... cat has two ... kittens. ... cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like ... milk, too. 8. I am ... engineer. 9. My ... son is ... pupil. 10. He is ... good ... pupil. 11. This is ... house. 12. This is my ... pencil. 13. You have some ... pencils, but I have no ... pen­cil. Give me ... pencil, please.

SPECIAL USES OF THE
When there is only one of something, thing unique
The sun, the Earth, the world, the Internet etc
When something is defined by the situation (если этот предмет является определенным по
ситуации):
Put the book on the table.

Упражнение 6
Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.
1. What's ... weather like today? — ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4. ... Earth is ... planet. 5. We had ... English les­son yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... ques­tions. ... questions were difficult. 6. Where is your
... brother? — Не is at ... home. He is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... home­work. ... homework is difficult. 7. Our ... cat is sit­ting on ... sofa. 8. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 9. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands.

When a singular noun (name) refers to a group
The police, the government, the Browns
With superlatives
The best, the most interesting

SPECIAL USES OF A & AN
We use A, AN with prices, frequency and speeds
It costs $2 a litre
You should drink about 2 litres of water a day
You’re driving at 90 miles an hour
We use A, AN with professions
I’m a hairdresser; she’s a doctor

SPECIAL USES OF THE
With the first, the second etc
A second means “another, one more”
With adjectives that refer to groups
The rich, the poor
With nationalities
The Chinese
With musical instruments
I play the violin

ZERO ARTICLE
When we talk in general with uncount.nouns or with plural nouns
Life was more difficult for our grandparents
People are often afraid of taking risks.
Common expressions:
At home, in/to hospital, in/to prison, at/school, at/to university, at/to work
With seasons
I like summer a lot.

ZERO ARTICLE
With names of meals
When did you have lunch?
With names of languages without the word “language”
She knows English, BUT she knows the English language
With names of months and days
My Birthday is in April.
I work on Monday.

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
Geographical names are used without articles
England, France, Tomsk, Moskow
Words republic, union, kingdom & states are used with the definite article
the United Kingdom, the Czech Republic
Names of oceans, seas & rivers are used with the definite article
the Pacific Ocean, the Black Sea

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
Names of lakes without the word “lake” go with no article
Lake Ontario OR the Ontario
Names of mountain chains go with the definite article
The Urals, the Alps
Names of mountain peaks go with no article
Elbrus, Everest

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
Names of groups of islands are used with the definite article
The Bermudas
Names of singular islands are used with no article
Madagascar
Names of streets and squares are used without articles
Oxford Street, Trafalgar Square

GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES
The names of the following towns, countries & cities are used with the definite article:
The Hague, the Netherlands, the West Indies, the Ruhr, the Riviera, the Crimea, the Ukraine, the Caucasus, the Congo, the Lebanon
Cardinal points are used with definite article
the North, the South, the West, the East
BUT form East to West & from North to South