DEFORMING POLYOSTEOATHROSIS - ALBERT ANTWI 1751 презентация

CONTENTS

Polyosteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, affecting millions of people worldwide. It occurs when the protective cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down over time.
Although osteoarthritis can damage any joint, the disorder most commonly affects joints in your hands, knees, hips and spine.
Polysteoarthritis symptoms can usually be managed, although the damage to joints can't be reversed. Staying active, maintaining a healthy weight and receiving certain treatments might slow progression of the disease and help improve pain and joint function.

Polyosteoarthritis is a term used when five or more joints are affected with joint pain. There are many potential causes, so symptoms can vary widely from person to person. Polyarthritis can present as acute episodes or it may become chronic, lasting for more than six weeks.

Causes
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CLINICAL FEATURES
Pain. Affected joints of patient hurt during or after movement.
Stiffness. patient Joint stiffness is noticeable upon awakening or after being inactive.
Tenderness. patient joint might feel tender when you apply light pressure to or near it.
Loss of flexibility. patient might not be able to move joint through its full range of motion.
Grating sensation. patient feel a grating sensation when you use the joint, and you can hear popping.
Bone spurs. These extra bits of bone, which feel like hard lumps, can form around the affected joint.
Swelling. patient can have soft tissue inflammation around the joint.

PART 01
REPAIR OF SHOUIDER AND NECK
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Biochemical changes observed in the polyosteoarthritic articular cartilage
It is generally believed that degeneration of cartilage in POA is characterized by two phases: a biosynthetic phase, during which the cells resident in cartilage, the chondrocytes, attempt to repair the damaged extracellular matrix; and a degradative phase, in which the activity of enzymes produced by the chondrocytes .
During chondrolysis, osteoarthritic chondrocytes activate or upregulate the expression of many matrix-degrading proteases, such as the matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which are largely responsible for the breakdown of the collagenous and noncollagenous cartilage matrix components.

As the cartilage breaks down, the joint may lose its normal shape. The bone ends thicken and form bony growths or spurs where the ligaments and capsule attach to the bone.

Diagnosis
affected joints are the main way osteoarthritis is identified. The common X-ray findings of osteoarthritis include loss of joint cartilage, narrowing of the joint space between adjacent bones, and bone spur formation..
An MRI uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce detailed images of bone and soft tissues, including cartilage. An MRI isn't commonly needed to diagnose polyosteoarthritis but can help provide more information in complex cases.
Although there's no blood test for osteoarthritis, certain tests can help rule out other causes of joint pain, such as rheumatoid arthritis.

Joint fluid analysis. needle to draw fluid from an affected joint. The fluid is then tested for inflammation and to determine whether patient pain is caused by gout or an infection rather than polyosteoarthritis

Treatment
Medications that can help relieve polyosteoarthritis symptoms, primarily pain, include:
Acetaminophen. Acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) has been shown to help patients with osteoarthritis who have mild to moderate pain. Taking more than the recommended dose of acetaminophen can cause liver damage.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Over-the-counter NSAIDs, such as ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) and naproxen sodium (Aleve), taken at the recommended doses, typically relieve osteoarthritis pain. Stronger NSAIDs are available by prescription.
NSAIDs can cause stomach upset, cardiovascular problems, bleeding problems, and liver and kidney damage. NSAIDs as gels, applied to the skin over the affected joint, have fewer side effects and may relieve pain just as well.

Therapy
Physical therapy. patient should exercise to strengthen the muscles around their joint, increase flexibility and reduce pain. Regular gentle exercise on their own, such as swimming or walking, can be equally effective.
Occupational therapy. patients should perform tasks without putting extra stress on painful joints. For instance, a toothbrush with a large grip could make brushing your teeth easier if you have osteoarthritis in your hands. A bench in your shower could help relieve the pain of standing if you have knee osteoarthritis

Surgery
Lubrication injections. Injections of hyaluronic acid might relieve pain by providing some cushioning in your knee, though some research suggests that these injections offer no more relief than a placebo. Hyaluronic acid is similar to a component normally found in your joint fluid.
Realigning bones. If polyosteoarthritis has damaged one side of your knee more than the other, an osteotomy might be helpful. In a knee osteotomy, a surgeon cuts across the bone either above or below the knee, and then removes or adds a wedge of bone. This shifts your body weight away from the worn-out part of your knee.
Joint replacement. In joint replacement surgery, your surgeon removes your damaged joint surfaces and replaces them with plastic and metal parts. Surgical risks include infections and blood clots. Artificial joints can wear out or come loose and might eventually need to be replaced.

Prevention
Keep a healthy body weight. Extra weight puts stress on your joints. ...
Control your blood sugar. High blood sugar levels raise your risk of getting OA.
Be active every day. Exercise is a good way to prevent joint problems. ...

Prognosis
The prognosis for osteoarthritis patients depends on which joints are affected and the level of symptomatology and functional impairment. Some patients remain relatively unaffected by polyosteoarthritis, while others can experience severe disability.

https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/osteoarthritis/diagnosis- treatment/drc-20351930
https://www.aafp.org/afp/2012/0101/p49.html https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoarthritis
References