law System of Government of Egypt by Kareem Abdelhalim презентация

Project Plan
Constitution of Egypt
The Executive Power (the Government)
The Legislative Power (Parliament)
The Judicial Power

Introduction
the Arab Republic of Egypt, is a transcontinental country spanning the northeast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia by a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. It is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip (Palestine) and the Red Sea to the east, Sudan to the south, and Libya to the west. The Gulf of Aqaba in the northeast, whose maximum width is 24 km (15 mi), separates Egypt from Jordan and Saudi Arabia. Cairo is the country's capital and largest city. Egypt has one of the longest histories of any country, tracing its heritage along the Nile Delta back to the 6th–4th millennia BCE.

Constitution of Egypt
The politics of Egypt are based on republicanism, with a semi-presidential system of government. The current political system was established following the Egyptian Revolution of 2011 and the resignation of President Hosni Mubarak. In the current system, the President is elected for a six-year term, where they are able to appoint up to 5 percent of the parliament. Furthermore, the President has the power to dissolve Parliament through Article 137. The Parliament of Egypt is the oldest legislative chamber in Africa and the Middle East. The unicameral Parliament has the ability to impeach the President through Article 161. With 2020 elections to the new Senate, the chamber becomes bicameral.

3-The Executive Power (the Government)
The Government is composed of the Prime Minister and Ministers. The Government is accountable to the President and the Parliament.
After the appointment of the Cabinet members by the King, the Prime Minister submits the program (about national activity, namely in economic, social, cultural and foreign affairs) to each one of the two Houses of Parliament. At the House of Representatives, the program must be put to the vote.

3-The Executive Power (the Government)
Under the Prime Minister's responsibility, the Government ensures the execution of the laws. All public facilities are placed at the Government's disposal.
The Prime Minister has the right to introduce bills, exercise the administrative powers and delegate some of his powers to the Ministers.

3-The Executive Power (the Government)
Ministers:
Prime Minister
Ministry of Territorial Planning, Water and the Environment
Ministry of Finance and Privatization
Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development and Maritime Fisheries
Ministry of Employment and Vocational Training
Ministry of National Education, Higher Education, Executive Training and Scientific Research
Ministry of Culture
Ministry of Equipment and Transport
Ministry in charge of the Modernization of Public Sectors
Ministry of Industry, Trade and Upgrading the Economy

3-The Executive Power (the Government)
Ministers:
Ministry of Tourism, Handicrafts and Social Economy
Ministry of Health
Ministry of Relations with Parliament
Ministry of Energy and Mines
Ministry of Communication
Ministry of Foreign Trade
Ministry of Economic and General Affairs
Ministry Delegate to the Minister of Foreign Affairs and Cooperation in charge of the Moroccan Community Residing Abroad
Ministry Delegate to the Prime Minister in charge of Housing and Habitat
Secretary of State to the Minister of Social Development, Family and Solidarity, in charge of the Family, Children and Disabled People
Secretary of State to the Prime Minister, in charge of Youth

The Legislative Power (Parliament)
The Parliament of Egypt is the bicameral legislature of the Arab Republic of Egypt. It is composed of an upper house (the Senate) and a lower house (the House of Representatives).[3]
The Parliament is located in Cairo, Egypt's capital. Under the country's 2014 constitution, as the legislative branch of the Egyptian state the Parliament enacted laws, approved the general policy of the State, the general plan for economic and social development and the general budget of the State, supervised the work of the government, and had the power to vote to impeach the president of the Republic, or replace the government and its prime minister by a vote of no-confidence.
The parliament is made up of 596 seats, with 448 seats elected through the individual candidacy system, 120 elected through winner-take-all party lists (with quotas for youth, women, Christians, and workers) and 28 selected by the president.[4] It is the fifth-largest legislative chamber in the world behind the National People's Congress and the largest parliamentary body in the Arab world.

The Legislative Power (Parliament)
Powers
The House of Representatives has various competences stated in Chapter Five of the Constitution. According to article 86 the House of Representatives shall undertake:
Legislation
Review and approval of agreements and treaties
Review and approval of the State plan and budget
Discussion of the president of the Republic's statement and the government program
Amendments to the Constitution
Approval of declarations of war and emergency
In practice, the People's Assembly had very little power prior to the 2011 Egyptian revolution. It was dominated by the National Democratic Party, and there was little substantive opposition to executive decisions.

4- Sovereignty
The declaration also states the following: Priority of the constitution and laws of the Russian SFSR over the legislation of the Soviet Union (sovereignty). Equal legal opportunities for all citizens, political parties, and public organizations (equality before the law). The principle of separation of legislative, executive and judicial powers; The need to significantly expand the rights of the autonomous republics, regions, districts, territories of Russia (federalism).

House of Representatives organization
The House of Representatives Speaker (HR Speaker) presides over the House and is elected from the House membership, along with two deputies during the first session of the season. The Speaker's role in session is to keep the peace and order to the parliamentary session, take part in discussion provided that he gives up his presidency to one of his deputies and doesn't return to his presidency until the discussion is finished as well as ordering an emergency session for one of the House' committees. In case of vacancy in the president's office, the Speaker serves as acting president until the presidential elections are held (Which must be within 60 days). This has happened once, when president Anwar Sadat was assassinated in office, and then People's Assembly Speaker, Sufi Abu Taleb served as acting president. The last PA Speaker was Saad Al Katatny, who briefly presided the Assembly for only 5 months from 23 January 2012 to the dissolution of parliament on 18 June 2012.

House' General Committee
This committee is formed in the beginning of the House' annual season, headed by the Speaker. Its membership includes the Deputy Speakers, representatives of the political parties' parliamentary committees, and five House members (of whom one is an independent, if there are more than ten independents). The Speaker is responsible for outlining the committee's agenda. The committee is responsible for discussing the general issues put forward by the president, the prime minister or the speaker.

The Judicial Power
Egypt has three supreme courts: the Supreme Constitutional Court, Court of Cassation, and Supreme Administrative Court. The Supreme Constitutional Court has exclusive jurisdiction to decide issues regarding the constitutionality of laws. The Court of Cassation is the supreme court of the common court system. The Supreme Administrative Court is the highest court of the administrative court system, called the State Council

The Judicial Power
The Prosecutor General and the Public Prosecution Office he heads are an independent part of the judicial branch of government, not under executive authority or control. The Prosecutor General is a judge, selected from among the senior judiciary by the Supreme Judicial Council, and appointed by the President to serve a single term of four years. Multiple terms are constitutionally prohibited.

The Judicial Power
The Supreme Judicial Council is the governing body responsible for the administrative affairs of the ordinary judiciary. It has seven members, consisting of the President of the Court of Cassation, who serves as the council’s president; the two most senior Vice-Presidents of the Court of Cassation; the Presidents of the Courts of Appeal for Cairo, Alexandria, and Tanta; and the Prosecutor General.
The State Council or administrative court system, adjudicates disputes involving government actions (and sometimes inaction) and personnel and disciplinary actions involving government employees. It is also empowered by the constitution to issue legal opinions on issues involving government bodies, proposed legislation, and contracts to which the state or a public entity are a party. The judges of the Supreme Administrative Court hear and decide cases in panels of five.

The Judicial Power
Other judicial bodies include the State Cases Authority, which represents the state in civil litigation in which the state is a party, and the Administrative Prosecution, which investigates financial and administrative irregularities involving government entities and personnel.

Refrences
https://egyptjustice.com/egypt-judiciary-an-overview#:~:text=Egypt%20has%20three%20supreme%20courts,of%20the%20common%20court%20system
"Background Note: Egypt". United States Department of State Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs. 10 November 2010. Retrieved 5 March 2011.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egypt