The architecture of Web-based products презентация

The architecture of Web-based products
Internet
IP address, domain, DNS
URI / URL
Client-server applications
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
HTML (HyperText Markup Language)
CSS
Document object model (DOM)
CMS
Databases

Architecture and principles of the Internet
Internet - is a set of computers (hosts) and various networks, unified network based on TCP / IP communications protocols. Computers connected to the Internet can be of any hardware and software platforms, but they have to maintain a stack of protocols (protocol family) TCP / IP connection.

Architecture and principles of the Internet
Domain name - a sequence of two or more words separated by dots. Word, or it is also called - the domain can consist of any combination of letters of the English alphabet, numbers and punctuation "-" (the "minus" or "dash"). Other characters in the domain name can not be used.

Architecture and principles of the Internet
How are interconnected IP-addresses and domain names?
Communication between IP-addresses and domain names provides an international distributed database based on the use of so-called of DNS-servers.
On the DNS-server in special registers and files stored line - what domain name matches any IP-address (forward zone) and reverse line IP-address - the domain name (reverse zone) for all that are in the domain managed by the owner of domain names.
Any change of correspondence should always be written on the DNS-server, only after that it "shall enter into force." For example, you can on your computer to register a domain name you want, but know this will be for him only you. If such an entry appears on the DNS-server, after some time (a maximum - a few hours) it knows the whole world.

Architecture and principles of the Internet
How are interconnected IP-addresses and domain names?
Communication between IP-addresses and domain names provides an international distributed database based on the use of so-called of DNS-servers.
The principle of operation of any DNS-server is quite simple.
Any client or server, which you want to determine whether the domain name - IP-address or IP-address - the domain name refers to DNS-server request. And if the DNS-server "knows" the correspondence of its stored zones, it reports it immediately. But if the DNS-server does not know anything about the requested domain name or IP-address, it refers to other DNS-servers "for help." Get answers to your questions from others of DNS-servers, the server informs the searched information to the Client.

Architecture and principles of the Internet
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string of characters used to identify a resource. Such identification enables interaction with representations of the resource over a network, typically the World Wide Web, using specific protocols.
Schemes specifying a concrete syntax and associated protocols define each URI. The most common form of URI is the Uniform Resource Locator (URL), frequently referred to informally as a web address. More rarely seen in usage is the Uniform Resource Name (URN), which was designed to complement URLs by providing a mechanism for the identification of resources in particular namespaces.

Architecture and principles of the Internet
Uniform Resource Identifier (URI)
A URL is a URI that, in addition to identifying a web resource, specifies the means of acting upon or obtaining the representation of it, i.e. specifying both its primary access mechanism and network location.
For example, the URL:
http://example.org/wiki/Main_Page
refers to a resource identified as /wiki/Main_Page whose representation, in the form of HTML and related code, is obtainable via HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) from a network host whose domain name is example.org.

The architecture of web-based products
Web-based applications are a special type of software, built on the architecture "client-server".
The client part of implemented user interface (GUI) generates requests to the server and processes the responses from him.
The server part receives a request from a client, performs the calculations, then creates a web page and sends it to the client over a network using HTTP protocol.

The architecture of web-based products
Web-based applications are a special type of software, built on the architecture "client-server".
Displaying the query results and receiving data from the client and their transfer to the server is usually handled by a special application - browser (Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Opera, etc.). It is known that one of the functions of a browser is to display data received from the Internet, in the form of pages, described in the HTML language, therefore, the result is transmitted to the client server, to be submitted in this language.
In the Web-based application server side runs special software (Web-server), which receives the client requests, processes them, generates a response in the form of a page described in the HTML language, and transmits it to the client.

“Client-server” architecture of Web-based products
By having executable part, Web-application capable of performing substantially the same operations as the conventional Windows-application, with the only limitation that the code is executed on the server as a system interface performs the browser, and as a medium through which the exchange takes place data - the Internet.
The most common operations performed by Web-based applications include:
receiving data from the user and stores them in the server;
perform various actions on the user's request: retrieving data from the database (DB), add, delete, modify data in the database, conducting complex calculations;
authenticate the user interface and display system according to the user;
display constantly changing operational information.

Provides client communication (usually browser) and server (web-server) via the customer's requests, and server responses.
Hypertext information exchange HTTP protocol
HTTP - it is an application layer protocol developed for the exchange of hypertext information on the Internet. The protocol used by one of the most popular web systems - Word Wide Web - since 1990.
HTTP supports next methods (query types) from the client:
GET - obtain content from the server;
HEAD - get the title without the response body;
POST - sending data to the server.
And other (PUT, DELETE, TRACE, OPTIONS, CONNECT, PATCH).

Hypertext information exchange HTTP protocol
Response Codes
1xx – information
101 - Switching Protocols
2xx – success
200 – OK
201 – created (new resource)
206 – partial content
3xx – redirection
301 – moved permanently
304 – not modified
4xx – client-side error
401 – unauthorized
404 – not found
5xx – server-side error
503 – server unavailable

Hypertext information exchange HTTP protocol
Requests (parameters) and examples
Examples
GET parameters: http://server.name/path?param1=value1¶m2=value
POST parameters:
POST /path HTTP/1.1 param1=value1¶m2=value2

Hypertext information exchange HTTP protocol
Cookies
Examples
Cookies - not a large amount of data sent by the server to browser and stored on disk. Maximum size - 4K.
Needed to support stateful-services (internet shopping cart store, etc.) or for storing the session key.
Cookies have a lifetime and are sent to the server with each request.

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
HTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages. Along with CSS, and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone technology, used by most websites to create visually engaging web pages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many mobile applications.
The basic element of HTML is TAG. The tag is always concluded between the brackets <> and has the following form:
An HTML document begins opening tag and ends with the closing tag . Between this pair of container tags are two other main parts of an HTML document: header enclosed in a container ...
and the body of the document in the container ...
. Thus, a simple structure of an HTML document looks like this:
- html file already begins from this tag
Document Header
Document Body
- End of html document

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)
Header is an optional part of the HTML document and used to determine the service information and the name of the document.
In the case of the container in the document header ...
it only required element is a container
... </ TITLE>, which specifies the name of the document. This is the name the user sees in the browser window title when viewing Web-pages on the Internet.<br><p>All other header elements are not displayed by the browser and are used to determine various properties of the document, its relationship with other Web-pages and service information for external programs. <br><p>The body of an HTML document is located after the header and limited container <BODY> ... </ BODY>. <br><p>The contents of the body of the document is displayed in the<br><p>Web-browser window and consists of labeled tags to format text, tables, graphics and other multimedia elements, links to other resources.<br></div><!----><!--]--><!----></div></div><div class="slides-wrapper"><div id="slide18" class="slides-item"><!--[--><div class="text-center"><span class="slides-headingUnit">Слайд 18</span></div><h2 class="mb-0"><img src="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-17.jpg" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" width="720" height="540" alt="Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) Main HTML tags All list of" loading="eager" data-nuxt-img sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 480px, 720px" srcset="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_480x360/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-17.jpg 480w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_720x540/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-17.jpg 720w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_960x720/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-17.jpg 960w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-17.jpg 1440w" class="slides-image"></h2><h2 class="slides-content text-center font-bold"><div><p>Hypertext Markup Language (HTML)<br><p>Main HTML tags<br><p>All list of HTML tags is</div></h2><div class="slides-content">available over the following link: http://www.w3schools.com/tags<br></div><!----><!--]--><!----></div></div><div class="slides-wrapper"><div id="slide19" class="slides-item"><!--[--><div class="text-center"><span class="slides-headingUnit">Слайд 19</span></div><h2 class="mb-0"><img src="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-18.jpg" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" width="720" height="540" alt="Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) CSS - a language that contains" loading="eager" data-nuxt-img sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 480px, 720px" srcset="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_480x360/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-18.jpg 480w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_720x540/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-18.jpg 720w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_960x720/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-18.jpg 960w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-18.jpg 1440w" class="slides-image"></h2><h2 class="slides-content text-center font-bold"><div><p>Cascading Style Sheets (CSS)<br><p>CSS - a language that contains a set</div></h2><div class="slides-content">of properties to determine the appearance of the document. CSS Specification defines the properties and descriptive language to communicate with the HTML-elements.<br><p>According to the methods of adding style to the document, there are three kinds of styles.<br><p>Internal styles are defined by the style attribute specific tags. Interior style is valid only for certain tags such elements. This method is a little different from the traditional HTML.<br>External (related) styles are defined in a separate file with the extension .css; external styles allow all pages of the site to look the same way. To link to a file that describes the style, use the tag <link>, located in the container <head> ... </ head>. This tag must be assigned two attributes: rel = "stylesheet" and href, defines the address of the file styles.<br>Connection styles<br>The selector is located on the left side of the rule, determines the element(s) for which the rule is set. Further, braces style declaration lists separated by a semicolon.<br>CSS Reference is available over the following link: http://www.w3schools.com/cssref/default.asp<br><p><p style="color:blue">Blue paragraph</p><br><p style="color:red">Red Paragraph</p><br><p><head><br> .........<br> <style type="text/css"><br> p {color:#808080;}<br> </style><br> .........<br></head><br><p><head><br> .........<br> <link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"><br> .........<br></head><br></div><!----><!--]--><!----></div></div><div class="slides-wrapper"><div id="slide20" class="slides-item"><!--[--><div class="text-center"><span class="slides-headingUnit">Слайд 20</span></div><h2 class="mb-0"><img src="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-19.jpg" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" width="720" height="540" alt="Document Object Model (DOM) It is a cross-platform and language-independent" loading="eager" data-nuxt-img sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 480px, 720px" srcset="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_480x360/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-19.jpg 480w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_720x540/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-19.jpg 720w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_960x720/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-19.jpg 960w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-19.jpg 1440w" class="slides-image"></h2><h2 class="slides-content text-center font-bold"><div><p>Document Object Model (DOM)<br><p>It is a cross-platform and language-independent convention for</div></h2><div class="slides-content">representing and interacting with objects in HTML, XHTML, and XML documents.<br><p>The nodes of every document are organized in a tree structure, called the DOM tree. Objects in the DOM tree may be addressed and manipulated by using methods on the objects. The public interface of a DOM is specified in its application programming interface (API).<br></div><!----><!--]--><!----></div></div><div class="slides-wrapper"><div id="slide21" class="slides-item"><!--[--><div class="text-center"><span class="slides-headingUnit">Слайд 21</span></div><h2 class="mb-0"><img src="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-20.jpg" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" width="720" height="540" alt="Document Object Model (DOM) When an HTML page is rendered" loading="eager" data-nuxt-img sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 480px, 720px" srcset="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_480x360/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-20.jpg 480w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_720x540/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-20.jpg 720w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_960x720/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-20.jpg 960w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-20.jpg 1440w" class="slides-image"></h2><h2 class="slides-content text-center font-bold"><div><p>Document Object Model (DOM)<br><p>When an HTML page is rendered in browsers,</div></h2><div class="slides-content">the browser downloads the HTML into local memory and automatically parses it to display the page on screen. The DOM is also the way JavaScript transmits the state of the browser in HTML pages.<br><p>When a web page is loaded, the browser creates a Document Object Model of the page.<br>With the object model, JavaScript is fully enabled to create dynamic HTML:<br>JavaScript can add, change, and remove all the HTML elements and attributes in the page<br>JavaScript can change all the CSS styles in the page<br>JavaScript can react to all existing events in the page<br>JavaScript can create new events in the page<br></div><!----><!--]--><!----></div></div><div class="slides-wrapper"><div id="slide22" class="slides-item"><!--[--><div class="text-center"><span class="slides-headingUnit">Слайд 22</span></div><h2 class="mb-0"><img src="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-21.jpg" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" width="720" height="540" alt="Content management system (CMS) It’s an application that allows publishing," loading="eager" data-nuxt-img sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 480px, 720px" srcset="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_480x360/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-21.jpg 480w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_720x540/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-21.jpg 720w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_960x720/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-21.jpg 960w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-21.jpg 1440w" class="slides-image"></h2><h2 class="slides-content text-center font-bold"><div><p>Content management system (CMS)<br><p>It’s an application that allows publishing, editing, modifying,</div></h2><div class="slides-content">organizing, deleting, and maintaining content from a central interface. Such systems of content management provide procedures to manage workflow in a collaborative environment.<br><p>CMSs are often used to run websites containing blogs, news, and shopping. Many corporate and marketing websites use CMSs. CMSs typically aim to avoid the need for hand coding, but may help it for specific elements or entire pages.<br></div><!----><!--]--><!----></div></div><div class="slides-wrapper"><div id="slide23" class="slides-item"><!--[--><div class="text-center"><span class="slides-headingUnit">Слайд 23</span></div><h2 class="mb-0"><img src="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-22.jpg" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" width="720" height="540" alt="Content management system (CMS) Ecommerce CMS includes the software for" loading="eager" data-nuxt-img sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 480px, 720px" srcset="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_480x360/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-22.jpg 480w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_720x540/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-22.jpg 720w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_960x720/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-22.jpg 960w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-22.jpg 1440w" class="slides-image"></h2><h2 class="slides-content text-center font-bold"><div><p>Content management system (CMS)<br><p>Ecommerce CMS includes the software for businesses in</div></h2><div class="slides-content">which products sale and purchase are done. The transaction of products are usually in the form of digitally enabled, i.e. via credit card processing or any payment gateway or third party tools. In the field of mobile applications or websites or any ecommerce application, CMSs are usually used because they have built-in plugins with desired functionalities as demanded by customers. <br><p>The most commonly used tools are:<br>WordPress<br>Joomla<br>Magento<br>OsCommerce<br>Opencart<br></div><!----><!--]--><!----></div></div><div class="slides-wrapper"><div id="slide24" class="slides-item"><!--[--><div class="text-center"><span class="slides-headingUnit">Слайд 24</span></div><h2 class="mb-0"><img src="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-23.jpg" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" width="720" height="540" alt="Databases Database (DB) - a shared set of logically related" loading="eager" data-nuxt-img sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 480px, 720px" srcset="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_480x360/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-23.jpg 480w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_720x540/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-23.jpg 720w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_960x720/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-23.jpg 960w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-23.jpg 1440w" class="slides-image"></h2><h2 class="slides-content text-center font-bold"><div><p>Databases<br><p>Database (DB) - a shared set of logically related data (and</div></h2><div class="slides-content">a description), designed to meet the information needs of the organization.<br><p>DBMS (database management system) - the software that allows users to define, create and maintain a database and to obtain controlled access to it.<br><p>SQL language - the first and only standard language for database work, which has received fairly widespread. Virtually all of the major database developers now create their own products using the SQL language.<br><p>Main queries:<br>Database creation: create database db_name;<br>Usage of created DB: use db_name;<br>To create table in DB: create table table_name (first_column_name type, .. , last_column_name type);<br>To show all available databases: show databases; <br>To show a list of tables in the current database: show tables;<br>To show description specified table columns: describe table_name; <br>To delete table: drop table table_name;
To delete databse: drop database имя_базы данных;
<br></div><!----><!--]--><!----></div></div><div class="slides-wrapper"><div id="slide25" class="slides-item"><!--[--><div class="text-center"><span class="slides-headingUnit">Слайд 25</span></div><h2 class="mb-0"><img src="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-24.jpg" onerror="this.setAttribute('data-error', 1)" width="720" height="540" alt="Databases Select Data From a MySQL Database The SELECT statement" loading="eager" data-nuxt-img sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 480px, 720px" srcset="/_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_480x360/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-24.jpg 480w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_720x540/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-24.jpg 720w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_960x720/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-24.jpg 960w, /_ipx/f_webp&q_80&fit_contain&s_1440x1080/imagesDir/jpg/613765/slide-24.jpg 1440w" class="slides-image"></h2><h2 class="slides-content text-center font-bold"><div><p>Databases<br><p>Select Data From a MySQL Database<br><p>The SELECT statement is used to</div></h2><div class="slides-content">select data from one or more tables<br><p>SELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name<br>or we can use the * character to select ALL columns from a table:<br>SELECT * FROM table_name<br></div><!----><!--]--><!----></div></div><div class="slides-wrapper"><!----></div><!--]--></div><div class="section"><div></div></div><form id="download" action="/api/" method="post" class="download"><!----><div class="download-description"> Имя файла: The-architecture-of-Web-based-products.pptx <br> Количество просмотров: 18 <br> Количество скачиваний: 0</div><button class="download-btn" type="submit">Скачать</button><!----></form><div class="navigation"><div class="navigation-item"><div>- Предыдущая</div><a href="/pedagogika/sproektirovat-i-izgotovit-kuklu-v-stile" class="navigation-link">Спроектировать и изготовить куклу в стиле Тильда</a></div><div class="navigation-item"><div>Следующая -</div><a href="/literatura/zhizn-nv-gogolya" class="navigation-link">Жизнь Н.В. 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Computers connected to the Internet can be of any hardware and software platforms, but they have to maintain a stack of protocols (protocol family) TCP \u002F IP connection.\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EArchitecture and principles of the Internet\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDomain name - a sequence of two or more words separated by dots. Word, or it is also called - the domain can consist of any combination of letters of the English alphabet, numbers and punctuation \"-\" (the \"minus\" or \"dash\"). Other characters in the domain name can not be used.\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EArchitecture and principles of the Internet\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHow are interconnected IP-addresses and domain names?\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECommunication between IP-addresses and domain names provides an international distributed database based on the use of so-called of DNS-servers.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E On the DNS-server in special registers and files stored line - what domain name matches any IP-address (forward zone) and reverse line IP-address - the domain name (reverse zone) for all that are in the domain managed by the owner of domain names.\u003Cbr\u003E Any change of correspondence should always be written on the DNS-server, only after that it \"shall enter into force.\" For example, you can on your computer to register a domain name you want, but know this will be for him only you. If such an entry appears on the DNS-server, after some time (a maximum - a few hours) it knows the whole world.\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EArchitecture and principles of the Internet\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHow are interconnected IP-addresses and domain names?\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECommunication between IP-addresses and domain names provides an international distributed database based on the use of so-called of DNS-servers.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe principle of operation of any DNS-server is quite simple.\u003Cbr\u003EAny client or server, which you want to determine whether the domain name - IP-address or IP-address - the domain name refers to DNS-server request. And if the DNS-server \"knows\" the correspondence of its stored zones, it reports it immediately. But if the DNS-server does not know anything about the requested domain name or IP-address, it refers to other DNS-servers \"for help.\" Get answers to your questions from others of DNS-servers, the server informs the searched information to the Client.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EArchitecture and principles of the Internet\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUniform Resource Identifier (URI)\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUniform Resource Identifier (URI) is a string of characters used to identify a resource. Such identification enables interaction with representations of the resource over a network, typically the World Wide Web, using specific protocols.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E Schemes specifying a concrete syntax and associated protocols define each URI. The most common form of URI is the Uniform Resource Locator (URL), frequently referred to informally as a web address. More rarely seen in usage is the Uniform Resource Name (URN), which was designed to complement URLs by providing a mechanism for the identification of resources in particular namespaces.\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EArchitecture and principles of the Internet\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUniform Resource Identifier (URI)\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EA URL is a URI that, in addition to identifying a web resource, specifies the means of acting upon or obtaining the representation of it, i.e. specifying both its primary access mechanism and network location. \u003Cbr\u003EFor example, the URL:\u003Cbr\u003Ehttp:\u002F\u002Fexample.org\u002Fwiki\u002FMain_Page \u003Cbr\u003Erefers to a resource identified as \u002Fwiki\u002FMain_Page whose representation, in the form of HTML and related code, is obtainable via HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) from a network host whose domain name is example.org.\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EThe architecture of web-based products\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWeb-based applications are a special type of software, built on the architecture \"client-server\".\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E The client part of implemented user interface (GUI) generates requests to the server and processes the responses from him.\u003Cbr\u003E The server part receives a request from a client, performs the calculations, then creates a web page and sends it to the client over a network using HTTP protocol.\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EThe architecture of web-based products\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWeb-based applications are a special type of software, built on the architecture \"client-server\".\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E Displaying the query results and receiving data from the client and their transfer to the server is usually handled by a special application - browser (Chrome, Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Opera, etc.). It is known that one of the functions of a browser is to display data received from the Internet, in the form of pages, described in the HTML language, therefore, the result is transmitted to the client server, to be submitted in this language.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E In the Web-based application server side runs special software (Web-server), which receives the client requests, processes them, generates a response in the form of a page described in the HTML language, and transmits it to the client. \u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003E“Client-server” architecture of Web-based products\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EBy having executable part, Web-application capable of performing substantially the same operations as the conventional Windows-application, with the only limitation that the code is executed on the server as a system interface performs the browser, and as a medium through which the exchange takes place data - the Internet.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe most common operations performed by Web-based applications include:\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003Ereceiving data from the user and stores them in the server;\u003Cbr\u003Eperform various actions on the user's request: retrieving data from the database (DB), add, delete, modify data in the database, conducting complex calculations;\u003Cbr\u003Eauthenticate the user interface and display system according to the user;\u003Cbr\u003Edisplay constantly changing operational information.\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EProvides client communication (usually browser) and server (web-server) via the customer's requests, and server responses.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHypertext information exchange HTTP protocol\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHTTP - it is an application layer protocol developed for the exchange of hypertext information on the Internet. The protocol used by one of the most popular web systems - Word Wide Web - since 1990.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHTTP supports next methods (query types) from the client:\u003Cbr\u003EGET - obtain content from the server;\u003Cbr\u003EHEAD - get the title without the response body;\u003Cbr\u003EPOST - sending data to the server.\u003Cbr\u003EAnd other (PUT, DELETE, TRACE, OPTIONS, CONNECT, PATCH).\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EHypertext information exchange HTTP protocol\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EResponse Codes\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E1xx – information \u003Cbr\u003E101 - Switching Protocols \u003Cbr\u003E2xx – success \u003Cbr\u003E200 – OK \u003Cbr\u003E201 – created (new resource)\u003Cbr\u003E206 – partial content \u003Cbr\u003E3xx – redirection \u003Cbr\u003E301 – moved permanently \u003Cbr\u003E304 – not modified \u003Cbr\u003E4xx – client-side error \u003Cbr\u003E401 – unauthorized \u003Cbr\u003E404 – not found \u003Cbr\u003E5xx – server-side error \u003Cbr\u003E503 – server unavailable\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EHypertext information exchange HTTP protocol\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003ERequests (parameters) and examples\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EExamples\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EGET parameters: http:\u002F\u002Fserver.name\u002Fpath?param1=value1¶m2=value\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EPOST parameters: \u003Cbr\u003EPOST \u002Fpath HTTP\u002F1.1 param1=value1¶m2=value2\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EHypertext information exchange HTTP protocol\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECookies\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EExamples\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECookies - not a large amount of data sent by the server to browser and stored on disk. Maximum size - 4K.\u003Cbr\u003ENeeded to support stateful-services (internet shopping cart store, etc.) or for storing the session key.\u003Cbr\u003ECookies have a lifetime and are sent to the server with each request.\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EHypertext Markup Language (HTML)\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHTML is the standard markup language used to create web pages. Along with CSS, and JavaScript, HTML is a cornerstone technology, used by most websites to create visually engaging web pages, user interfaces for web applications, and user interfaces for many mobile applications.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe basic element of HTML is TAG. The tag is always concluded between the brackets \u003C\u003E and has the following form:\u003Cbr\u003E\u003CTAG attribute 1 = VALUE attribute ... N = VALUE\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAn HTML document begins opening tag \u003CHTML\u003E and ends with the closing tag \u003C\u002FHTML\u003E. Between this pair of container tags are two other main parts of an HTML document: header enclosed in a container \u003CHEAD\u003E ... \u003C\u002F HEAD\u003E and the body of the document in the container \u003CBODY\u003E ... \u003C\u002F BODY\u003E. Thus, a simple structure of an HTML document looks like this:\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003CHTML\u003E - html file already begins from this tag\u003Cbr\u003E\u003CHEAD\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EDocument Header\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002FHEAD\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003CBODY\u003E\u003Cbr\u003EDocument Body\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002FBODY\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002FHTML\u003E - End of html document\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EHypertext Markup Language (HTML)\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EHeader is an optional part of the HTML document and used to determine the service information and the name of the document. \u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn the case of the container in the document header \u003CHEAD\u003E ... \u003C\u002F HEAD\u003E it only required element is a container \u003CTITLE\u003E ... \u003C\u002F TITLE\u003E, which specifies the name of the document. This is the name the user sees in the browser window title when viewing Web-pages on the Internet.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAll other header elements are not displayed by the browser and are used to determine various properties of the document, its relationship with other Web-pages and service information for external programs. \u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe body of an HTML document is located after the header and limited container \u003CBODY\u003E ... \u003C\u002F BODY\u003E. \u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe contents of the body of the document is displayed in the\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWeb-browser window and consists of labeled tags to format text, tables, graphics and other multimedia elements, links to other resources.\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EHypertext Markup Language (HTML)\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMain HTML tags\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAll list of HTML tags is available over the following link: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3schools.com\u002Ftags\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003ECascading Style Sheets (CSS)\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECSS - a language that contains a set of properties to determine the appearance of the document. CSS Specification defines the properties and descriptive language to communicate with the HTML-elements.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAccording to the methods of adding style to the document, there are three kinds of styles.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EInternal styles are defined by the style attribute specific tags. Interior style is valid only for certain tags such elements. This method is a little different from the traditional HTML.\u003Cbr\u003EExternal (related) styles are defined in a separate file with the extension .css; external styles allow all pages of the site to look the same way. To link to a file that describes the style, use the tag \u003Clink\u003E, located in the container \u003Chead\u003E ... \u003C\u002F head\u003E. This tag must be assigned two attributes: rel = \"stylesheet\" and href, defines the address of the file styles.\u003Cbr\u003EConnection styles\u003Cbr\u003EThe selector is located on the left side of the rule, determines the element(s) for which the rule is set. Further, braces style declaration lists separated by a semicolon.\u003Cbr\u003ECSS Reference is available over the following link: http:\u002F\u002Fwww.w3schools.com\u002Fcssref\u002Fdefault.asp\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cp style=\"color:blue\"\u003EBlue paragraph\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp style=\"color:red\"\u003ERed Paragraph\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Chead\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E .........\u003Cbr\u003E \u003Cstyle type=\"text\u002Fcss\"\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E p {color:#808080;}\u003Cbr\u003E \u003C\u002Fstyle\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E .........\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002Fhead\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Chead\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E .........\u003Cbr\u003E \u003Clink rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"style.css\"\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E .........\u003Cbr\u003E\u003C\u002Fhead\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EDocument Object Model (DOM)\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt is a cross-platform and language-independent convention for representing and interacting with objects in HTML, XHTML, and XML documents.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe nodes of every document are organized in a tree structure, called the DOM tree. Objects in the DOM tree may be addressed and manipulated by using methods on the objects. The public interface of a DOM is specified in its application programming interface (API).\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EDocument Object Model (DOM)\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen an HTML page is rendered in browsers, the browser downloads the HTML into local memory and automatically parses it to display the page on screen. The DOM is also the way JavaScript transmits the state of the browser in HTML pages.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhen a web page is loaded, the browser creates a Document Object Model of the page.\u003Cbr\u003EWith the object model, JavaScript is fully enabled to create dynamic HTML:\u003Cbr\u003EJavaScript can add, change, and remove all the HTML elements and attributes in the page\u003Cbr\u003EJavaScript can change all the CSS styles in the page\u003Cbr\u003EJavaScript can react to all existing events in the page\u003Cbr\u003EJavaScript can create new events in the page\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EContent management system (CMS)\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIt’s an application that allows publishing, editing, modifying, organizing, deleting, and maintaining content from a central interface. Such systems of content management provide procedures to manage workflow in a collaborative environment.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003ECMSs are often used to run websites containing blogs, news, and shopping. Many corporate and marketing websites use CMSs. CMSs typically aim to avoid the need for hand coding, but may help it for specific elements or entire pages.\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EContent management system (CMS)\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EEcommerce CMS includes the software for businesses in which products sale and purchase are done. The transaction of products are usually in the form of digitally enabled, i.e. via credit card processing or any payment gateway or third party tools. In the field of mobile applications or websites or any ecommerce application, CMSs are usually used because they have built-in plugins with desired functionalities as demanded by customers. \u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe most commonly used tools are:\u003Cbr\u003EWordPress\u003Cbr\u003EJoomla\u003Cbr\u003EMagento\u003Cbr\u003EOsCommerce\u003Cbr\u003EOpencart\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EDatabases\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDatabase (DB) - a shared set of logically related data (and a description), designed to meet the information needs of the organization.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDBMS (database management system) - the software that allows users to define, create and maintain a database and to obtain controlled access to it.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESQL language - the first and only standard language for database work, which has received fairly widespread. Virtually all of the major database developers now create their own products using the SQL language.\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMain queries:\u003Cbr\u003EDatabase creation: create database db_name;\u003Cbr\u003EUsage of created DB: use db_name;\u003Cbr\u003ETo create table in DB: create table table_name (first_column_name type, .. , last_column_name type);\u003Cbr\u003ETo show all available databases: show databases; \u003Cbr\u003ETo show a list of tables in the current database: show tables;\u003Cbr\u003ETo show description specified table columns: describe table_name; \u003Cbr\u003ETo delete table: drop table table_name;\r\nTo delete databse: drop database имя_базы данных;\r\n\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EDatabases\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESelect Data From a MySQL Database\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe SELECT statement is used to select data from one or more tables\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESELECT column_name(s) FROM table_name\u003Cbr\u003Eor we can use the * character to select ALL columns from a table:\u003Cbr\u003ESELECT * FROM table_name\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cbr\u003E","\u003Cp\u003EDatabases\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EDifferent SQL queries\u003Cbr\u003E\u003Cp\u003EUpdate Data In a MySQL Table:\u003Cbr\u003EUPDATE table_name SET column1=value, column2=value2,... 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