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- 2. How is God related to the Universe? Is He a person like we are, or is
- 3. The early Hebrews were among the first to conceive of there being one god and to
- 4. The Greeks – the head of the community of their gods was Zeus (super king) He
- 6. Hesiod wrote “Theogony” (book of the gods) At the beginning was Chaos It beget Gaea (the
- 7. Altars and temples were erected A whole class of people devoted to conducting worship, who claimed
- 8. Most of the early Greek philosophers accepted gods as the popular mind accepted them. They accounted
- 9. Heraclitus – strong dislike of the religion of the masses “And to these images they pray,
- 10. Xenophanes – 6th century BC – God is one and unchangeable. He lives in one place
- 11. Sophists – these practical teachers of young men made it their business to attack everything and
- 12. Socrates – masses misunderstood him and condemned him to death for his disbelieve in many gods
- 13. Aristotle – there are 2 causes in the Universe - matter and form. Forms are forces
- 14. At the very end of this movement, there is form without matter – the Unmoved Mover
- 16. Epicureans – they believed in many gods. Gods were shaped like man, but were more beautiful,
- 17. Stoics – God is related to the world just like the soul is related to the
- 18. Philo/Plotinus – brought the Hebrew tradition in contact with Greek philosophy thinking that it was consistent
- 19. He gives off powers which combine in one power called “the Logos” or divine Wisdom, which
- 20. Creation is a fall from God. The matter is the farthest thing from God. God is
- 21. Gospel of John (100 AD) – speaks about the Logos. As the Christianity became popular in
- 22. Augustine – God is the idealization of everything considered to be good and worthy. His predetermination
- 23. Trinity consists of: The Father is One or Goodness The Holy Ghost or World Soul The
- 24. Roscelin – applied the doctrine of Nominalism to the Trinity. There is no reality corresponding to
- 26. If God does nor exist, the idea of God would not be the idea of the
- 27. Mysticism God is to be experienced (contemplated), not to be known No amount of reasoning can
- 28. Thomas Aquinas God is pure form; His existence is known from the facts of His creation.
- 30. John Duns Scotus – God is infinite will which is so free that He can will
- 31. Meister Eckhart – 13 and 14th centuries God is inconceivable, something in which all things are
- 32. During the Renaissance, man undertook to think themselves free from the prolonged dominance of the Church
- 33. Giordano Bruno – God is immanent in the universe, the principle of activity. He is unity
- 34. Theology and science were gradually divided, each take its own place. Philosopher’s God seemed to differ
- 35. Thomas Hobbes – speaks of God as starting the universe in motion and of Him as
- 37. Blaise Pascal -
- 38. Spinoza – outside God there is no substance. We know Him through ideas and bodies, but
- 39. John Lock – we have no innate idea of God. We should use our abilities properly.
- 40. George Berkeley – God is the Supreme Being and the source of everything. To say that
- 41. David Hume – human reason cannot demonstrate the nature of God. He held all of the
- 42. Leibnitz – monads (self-contained units of the Universe) are ordered in a series of increasing clearness.
- 43. Immanuel Kant – God is the Highest Idea which man can have, the idea of the
- 45. To live accordingly to an absolute good will deserves happiness. But many good people are unhappy
- 46. Fichte – God is the universal active reason which cannot be kept from creating. He is
- 47. Friedrich Schleiermacher – it is impossible to ascribe to God the usual attributes of personality, thought,
- 48. Hegel – God is Idea, the entire process of evolution, past, present and future. The reasoning
- 49. Auguste Comte (Positivism) – all attempts to get at the essence of things are symptoms of
- 50. Sir William Hamilton – to know anything about God is impossible because the human mind can
- 52. William James – belief in God is necessary for the satisfaction of man’s nature. We cannot
- 53. John Dewey would not use the term God without defining it in such a way that
- 54. The religious tradition – more or less personal God caring for man and who is the
- 55. The scientific tradition – is not so sure that there is anything in the universe which
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