Amphetamine Psychosis презентация

Amphetamine psychosis- is a psychosis symptom which involves hallucinations, paranoia, and/or delusions and typically occurs following an overdose on amphetamine
Drugs in the class of amphetamines, or substituted amphetamines, are known to induce "amphetamine psychosis" typically when chronically abused or used in high doses.
Shoptaw SJ, Kao U, Ling W. "Treatment for amphetamine psychosis (Review)". Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2009:
Amphetamine psychosis

This problem is relevant because many people currently use stimulants. Amphetamine is one of the most inexpensive and affordable, dependence on amphetamine develops very quickly.
Malenka RC, Nestler EJ, Hyman SE, Holtzman DM (2015). "Chapter 16: Reinforcement and Addictive Disorders". Molecular Neuropharmacology: A Foundation for Clinical Neuroscience (3rd ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 9780071827706.

Amphetamine (contracted from alpha-methylphenethylamine) is a potent central nervous system (CNS) stimulant that is used in the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), narcolepsy, and obesity. Amphetamine Amphetamine was discovered in 1887 and exists as two enantiomers: levoamphetamine and dextroamphetamine
Historically, it has been used to treat nasal congestion and depression. Amphetamine is also used as an athletic performance enhancer and cognitive enhancer, and recreationally as an aphrodisiac and euphoriant. It is a prescription drug in many countries, and unauthorized possession and distribution of amphetamine are often tightly controlled due to the significant health risks associated with recreational use
BMC Psychiatry. 2012; 12: 221. Published online 2012 Dec 5. doi: [10.1186/1471-244X-12-221]PMCID: PMC3554477PMID: 23216941

Side Effects of Amphetamine
Physical
At normal therapeutic doses, the physical side effects of amphetamine vary widely by age and from person to person. Cardiovascular side effects can include hypertension or hypotension from a vasovagal response, Raynaud's phenomenon (reduced blood flow to the hands and feet), and tachycardia (increased heart rate). Sexual side effects in males may include erectile dysfunction, frequent erections, or prolonged erections. Abdominal side effects may include abdominal pain, appetite loss, nausea, and weight loss. Other potential side effects include blurred vision, dry mouth, excessive grinding of the teeth, nosebleed, profuse sweating, rhinitis medicamentosa (drug-induced nasal congestion), reduced seizure threshold, and tics (a type of movement disorder).[sources 5]Dangerous physical side effects are rare at typical pharmaceutical doses.
Cerimele, J. M.; A. P. Stern; D. Jutras-Aswad (September 2010). "Psychosis following excessive ingestion of energy drinks in a patient with schizophrenia". American Journal of Psychiatry.

Side Effects of Amphetamine
Psychological
produce aggressive behavior or hostility. At normal therapeutic doses, the most common psychological side effects of amphetamine include increased alertness, apprehension, concentration, initiative, self-confidence, and sociability, mood swings (elated mood followed by mildly depressed mood), insomnia or wakefulness, and decreased sense of fatigue.Less common side effects include anxiety, change in libido, grandiosity, irritability, repetitive or obsessive behaviors, and restlessness; these effects depend on the user's personality and current mental state.Amphetamine psychosis (e.g., delusions and paranoia) can occur in heavy users. Although very rare, this psychosis can also occur at therapeutic doses during long-term therapy. According to the USFDA, "there is no systematic evidence" that stimulants
Cerimele, J. M.; A. P. Stern; D. Jutras-Aswad (September 2010). "Psychosis following excessive ingestion of energy drinks in a patient with schizophrenia". American Journal of Psychiatry.

The symptoms of amphetamine psychosis include auditory and visual hallucinations, grandiosity, delusions of persecution, and delusions of reference concurrent with both clear consciousness and prominent extreme agitation.[Furthermore, even at a small dose, the psychosermis can be quickly reestablished. Psychosocial stress has been found to be an independent risk factor for psychosis relapse even without further substituted amphetamine use in certain cases.
McIver C, McGregor C, Baigent M, Spain D, Newcombe D, Ali R. Guidelines for the medical management of patients with methamphetamine-induced psychosis. Drug and Alcohol Services: South Australia 2006

The symptoms of acute amphetamine psychosis are very similar to those of the acute phase of schizophrenia although in amphetamine psychosis visual hallucinations are more common and thought disorder is rare. Amphetamine psychosis may be purely related to high drug usage, or high drug usage may trigger an underlying vulnerability to schizophrenia.[4] There is some evidence that vulnerability to amphetamine psychosis and schizophrenia may be genetically related. Relatives of methamphetamine users with a history of amphetamine psychosis are five times more likely to have been diagnosed with schizophrenia than relatives of methamphetamine users without a history of amphetamine psychosis.[12] The disorders are often distinguished by a rapid resolution of symptoms in amphetamine psychosis, while schizophrenia is more likely to follow a chronic course.
Hofmann FG (1983). A Handbook on Drug and Alcohol Abuse: The Biomedical Aspects(2nd ed.). New York: Oxford University Press. p. 329.

Treatment consists of supportive care during the acute intoxication phase: maintaining hydration, body temperature, blood pressure, and heart rate at acceptable levels until the drug is sufficiently metabolized to allow vital signs to return to baseline. Typical and atypical antipsychotics have been shown to be helpful in the early stages of treatment.[4] This is followed by abstinence from psychostimulants supported with counseling or medication designed to assist the individual preventing a relapse and the resumption of a psychotic state

Further, after a person comes to his senses, one should turn to a rehabilitation center for the help of psychologists who, at various group and individual classes, trainings, seminars, lectures, will convey to the person the harm of using narcotic substances and form an aversion to such substances in consciousness, also the fact that in life there is a lot of beautiful and interesting and without the use of various harmful drugs.