Computer science
Computer science has touched practically every aspect of modern-day life. For instance, it has led to the invention of general-purpose computers, for tasks ranging from routine writing and computing to specialized decision making. It has led to the development of the Internet, search engines, e-mail, instant messaging, and e-commerce, bringing about a revolution in our ability to access and communicate information and to conduct financial transactions. By enabling the development of computer graphics and sound systems, it has led to new ways of creating slides, videos, and films. These, in turn, have given birth to new approaches for teaching and learning. For research in various fields, computer science has greatly enhanced the processes of data gathering, storage, and analysis, including the creation of computer models. By fostering the development of computer chips, it has aided in the control of such things as mobile phones, home appliances, security alarms, heating and cooling systems, and space shuttles. In medicine, it has led to the creation of new diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. For national defense, it has led to the development of precision weaponry. Through the development of robots, it has enabled the automation of industrial processes and helped in such tasks as defusing bombs, exploring uncharted territories, and finding disaster victims. On the down side, knowledge of computer science can also be misused, such as in creating computer viruses, computer hacking, and "phishing" for private information. These activities can lead to huge economic losses, theft of identity and confidential information, and breach of national security. In addition, the fruits of computer science—particularly the Internet and its associated forms of communication—can be used to spread falsehoods, motivate immoral or unethical behavior, or promote acts of terrorism and war. Such misuse can create enormous problems for society.
